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Physical Training

Principles of training

  • 3 things to know
  • J587/01

Overview

Specificity, individual needs, overload, progression and reversibility, applied to sprinters, swimmers, beginners and injured performers.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is the principle of specificity?

Key term

How would a 100 m sprinter apply specificity to training?

Key term

Why would long, steady runs do little to improve a shot-putter's performance?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is the principle of specificity?

    Model answer

    Specificity means training should match the movements, energy demands and fitness components of the performer's activity.

  2. 2

    How would a 100 m sprinter apply specificity to training?

    Model answer

    A 100 m sprinter should train with short, maximal sprints rather than long, steady runs. The sessions then develop the speed and power the event demands.

  3. 3

    Why would long, steady runs do little to improve a shot-putter's performance?

    Model answer

    Long, steady runs develop cardiovascular endurance, while a shot-putter needs strength and power. The training ignores the principle of specificity.

  4. 4

    Why should a training programme be specific to the individual as well as to the sport?

    Model answer

    People differ in age, current fitness, goals and injury history. A programme that suits one performer may be too hard or too easy for another.

  5. 5

    Define overload.

    Model answer

    Overload means making the body work harder than it normally does, so that it adapts and fitness improves.

  6. 6

    Give two ways a swimmer could apply overload to a training session.

    Model answer

    The swimmer could swim more lengths in the session. The swimmer could also swim each length at a faster pace.

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