Why do sociologists distrust that picture of the typical offender?

Convictions record who is caught and prosecuted, and the offences of the powerful are less visible, less heavily policed and often settled outside the criminal courts.

What is corporate crime?

Corporate crime is an offence committed by or on behalf of a business in pursuit of its own goals, such as price fixing, tax evasion or breaches of safety law.

Why did Tombs argue that corporate crime deserves more attention than street crime?

He argued it causes far greater physical, financial and environmental harm than the ordinary offences that fill the statistics.

Give three reasons why corporate crime remains largely invisible.

It is complex and expensive to investigate, it is policed by regulators rather than by the police, and many victims never realise they have been harmed.

WJEC A-Level Sociology 601-5237-0

Culture and the Social Construction of Culture

Topic overview Culture as a way of life Norms, values and beliefs Roles, status and role conflict Aspects of culture: dress, language, food and music Heritage and cultural tradition in Wales High culture, popular culture and global culture Nature, nurture and the social construction of culture Cultural diversity and sub-cultures

Socialisation and Its Agencies

Topic overview Primary and secondary socialisation Role models, imitation and sanctions Families and primary cultural transmission Peer groups as an agency of socialisation Education as an agency of socialisation Religion as an agency of socialisation The media as an agency of socialisation Work, resocialisation and total institutions Formal and informal social control

Socialisation and Identity

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Families and HouseholdsAcquiring Culture

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Youth CulturesAcquiring Culture

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Research Methods: Primary and Secondary

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Sampling, Ethics and Practical Issues

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Key Concepts and Theories of Research

Topic overview Validity in sociological research Reliability and replication Representativeness and generalisability Objectivity, value freedom and bias Ethics as a criterion for judging research Positivism and the scientific study of society Interpretivism and verstehen Realism and the critical realist approach Choosing an approach: theory and method in practice

EducationUnderstanding Society

Topic overview The role and function of education in society Social class and differential attainment Gender and differential attainment Ethnicity and differential attainment Participation, choice and the marketisation of education Education policy in England and Wales since 1944 Welsh-medium education and the Curriculum for Wales Material factors and educational attainment Cultural capital and cultural deprivation Labelling, streaming and pupil subcultures Functionalist and New Right theories of education Marxist theories of education Feminist, interactionist and postmodernist theories of education

MediaUnderstanding Society

Topic overview The role and function of the media in contemporary society Models of media effects: the hypodermic syringe and cultural effects Active audiences: uses and gratifications and reception theory Moral panics and folk devils New media, globalisation and the digital divide Ownership and control of the media Media professionals, news values and agenda setting Representations of social class and age Representations of gender Representations of ethnicity, nationality and disability Media policy and regulation in Wales and England Pluralist and Marxist theories of the media Functionalist, feminist and postmodernist theories of the media

ReligionUnderstanding Society

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Crime and DeviancePower and Control

Topic overview Defining crime, deviance and social control Crime and deviance as social constructs The media, moral panics and the fear of crime Social class and crime Gender and feminist explanations of crime Ethnicity, policing and the criminal justice system Age and crime Police recorded crime and the dark figure Victim surveys and self-report studies Crime, policing and social policy in Wales Functionalist and subcultural theories of crime Marxist and neo-Marxist theories of crime Interactionism, labelling and postmodernist theories of crime Left realism, right realism and crime control policy

Health and DisabilityPower and Control

Topic overview Defining health, illness and disease The biomedical model and the social model of health The social construction of disability Official statistics and the measurement of health Social class and health inequalities Gender and health Ethnicity and health Age and health Artefact, selection, cultural and material explanations Access to and provision of health care in England and Wales Medicalisation and the role of health professionals Health policy in England and Wales Functionalist, Marxist and interactionist theories of health Feminist and postmodernist views of health and disability

World SociologyPower and Control

Topic overview Defining and measuring development Global inequalities in health and education Employment, poverty and the global division of labour Patterns of inequality in England and Wales Population, demographic change and development Urbanisation and marginalisation Aid, debt and non-governmental organisations Globalisation and development Transnational corporations and world trade Modernisation theory and its critics Marxist, dependency and world systems theories Feminist explanations of development

Applied Methods: Designing Sociological Research

Topic overview Choosing a research topic and framing the aim Hypotheses, operationalisation and indicators Justifying the chosen method Anticipating problems with the chosen method and their impact Selecting and justifying a sample Anticipating problems with the sample and their impact Ethical issues in a research design Practical issues in a research design Presenting collected data

Social Inequality: Evidence and Patterns

Topic overview Measuring social class in Britain The distribution of income and wealth Work and pay: occupational inequality Class inequality: the evidence Gender inequality: the evidence Ethnic inequality: the evidence Age inequality: the evidence Disability and inequality Power and political inequality Poverty and social exclusion Inequality in Wales: the evidence base

Theories and Explanations of Inequality and Stratification

Topic overview Social stratification: the core concepts Functionalist explanations of inequality Marxist explanations of inequality Neo-Marxist explanations of inequality Weberian explanations of inequality Neo-Weberian explanations of inequality Feminist explanations of inequality Postmodernist explanations of inequality New Right explanations of inequality Comparing and evaluating theories of stratification

Crime and Deviance

Social class and crime

3 things to know
A2 Unit 3

Overview

Corporate crime and selective law enforcement.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What picture of the typical offender emerges from convictions in England and Wales?

Key term

Why do sociologists distrust the picture of the typical offender that convictions give?

Key term

How does occupational crime differ from corporate crime?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What picture of the typical offender emerges from convictions in England and Wales?
Model answer
The typical convicted offender is young, male and from a manual working-class background.
2
Why do sociologists distrust that picture of the typical offender?
Model answer
Convictions record who is caught and prosecuted, and the offences of the powerful are less visible, less heavily policed and often settled outside the criminal courts.
3
What is corporate crime?
Model answer
Corporate crime is an offence committed by or on behalf of a business in pursuit of its own goals, such as price fixing, tax evasion or breaches of safety law.
4
How does occupational crime differ from corporate crime?
Model answer
Occupational crime is committed by an employee against the organisation or its customers for personal gain, while corporate crime is committed for the benefit of the firm itself.
5
Why did Tombs argue that corporate crime deserves more attention than street crime?
Model answer
He argued it causes far greater physical, financial and environmental harm than the ordinary offences that fill the statistics.
6
Give three reasons why corporate crime remains largely invisible.
Model answer
It is complex and expensive to investigate, it is policed by regulators rather than by the police, and many victims never realise they have been harmed.

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