Process
Edexcel A-Level Politics 9PL0
Democracy and Participation
Political Parties
Electoral Systems
Voting Behaviour and the Media
Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
The Constitution
Parliament
The Prime Minister and the Executive
Relations Between the Branches
AnarchismNon-core
EcologismNon-core
FeminismNon-core
MulticulturalismNon-core
NationalismNon-core
The US Constitution and FederalismUSA
US CongressUSA
Topic overviewThe structure of Congress and congressional electionsThe distribution of powers within CongressRepresentation: incumbency and influences on how members voteThe legislative process and gridlockOversight and relations with the presidencyChecks on the other branches, and debates about Congress
The US PresidencyUSA
The US Supreme Court and Civil RightsUSA
Topic overviewThe living Constitution and originalismJudicial review, appointments and the current CourtJudicial activism, restraint and public policyHow effectively the Supreme Court protects rightsThe limits of Supreme Court rights protectionAffirmative action: successes and failuresRacial rights campaigns, voting rights and representationImmigration reform and equality
US Democracy and ParticipationUSA
Comparative Theories and the UK-US ComparisonUSA
Topic overviewComparing the UK and US legislatures: structure and powersComparing the UK and US legislatures: strengths and approachesComparing the executives: powers and selectionComparing the executives: accountability and approachesComparing the Supreme Courts: powers and appointmentsComparing rights protection and interest group litigationComparing party systems and party ideasComparing campaign finance and pressure groupsApplying the three approaches to democracy and participationComparative theories: rational, cultural and structuralComparing the UK and US constitutions
The State and GlobalisationGlobal
Global Governance: Political and EconomicGlobal
Global Governance: Human Rights and EnvironmentalGlobal
Topic overviewInternational law and human rights institutionsHumanitarian intervention and the Responsibility to ProtectEnvironmental governance: the UNFCCC and the IPCCThe effectiveness of international law and international courtsDeep and shallow green ecology and the tragedy of the commonsInternational environmental agreements from Rio to ParisGlobal civil society and NGOs
Power and DevelopmentsGlobal
Topic overviewDifferent types of power: hard, soft and structuralGreat powers, superpowers and emerging powersPolarity and the changing world orderSystems of government and their consequences for global orderThe development and spread of liberal economies, the rule of law and democracyHow power and developments address contemporary global issues
Regionalism and the European UnionGlobal
Topic overviewRegionalism: forms and growthRegionalism, sovereignty and levels of integrationNAFTA, the USMCA and the African UnionThe Arab League and ASEANThe treaties that built the European UnionEU institutions and enlargementEconomic and Monetary Union and the euroSupranationalism, intergovernmentalism and the drivers of integrationThe EU's political and economic influenceThe EU's military influence and normative powerHow regionalism addresses conflict, poverty and rightsThe limits of regionalism in resolving global issues
Global Comparative TheoriesGlobal
Liberalism
Freedom, the rule of law and limited government
- 3 things to know
- Component 1
Overview
Recall questions on liberty under the law and the devices liberals rely on to protect it: constitutional government, the rule of law, separation of powers and civil liberties.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How do liberals understand freedom or liberty?
Key term
What does it mean that liberal freedom is 'under the law'?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How do liberals understand freedom or liberty?
Model answer
The ability and right of individuals to make decisions in their own interests based on their view of human nature.
- 2
How does constitutional government help guarantee individual freedom?
Model answer
It establishes fundamental rules and limits on state power that protect individual rights from arbitrary government action.
- 3
How does the rule of law guarantee individual freedom according to liberals?
Model answer
It ensures that laws apply equally to all, including those in power, preventing arbitrary treatment and protecting individuals from abuse.
- 4
How does separation of powers protect individual freedom?
Model answer
It divides governmental authority among different branches, preventing the concentration of power that could threaten liberty.
- 5
How does protection of civil liberties guarantee individual freedom?
Model answer
It safeguards fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, assembly and religion from interference by the state or others.
- 6
Why do liberals believe freedom and individualism are connected?
Model answer
Because individuals can only flourish and pursue their own conception of the good life when they are free from external constraints.
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