Numbers
Edexcel A-Level Politics 9PL0
Democracy and Participation
Political Parties
Electoral Systems
Voting Behaviour and the Media
Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
The Constitution
Parliament
The Prime Minister and the Executive
Relations Between the Branches
AnarchismNon-core
EcologismNon-core
FeminismNon-core
MulticulturalismNon-core
NationalismNon-core
The US Constitution and FederalismUSA
US CongressUSA
Topic overviewThe structure of Congress and congressional electionsThe distribution of powers within CongressRepresentation: incumbency and influences on how members voteThe legislative process and gridlockOversight and relations with the presidencyChecks on the other branches, and debates about Congress
The US PresidencyUSA
The US Supreme Court and Civil RightsUSA
Topic overviewThe living Constitution and originalismJudicial review, appointments and the current CourtJudicial activism, restraint and public policyHow effectively the Supreme Court protects rightsThe limits of Supreme Court rights protectionAffirmative action: successes and failuresRacial rights campaigns, voting rights and representationImmigration reform and equality
US Democracy and ParticipationUSA
Comparative Theories and the UK-US ComparisonUSA
Topic overviewComparing the UK and US legislatures: structure and powersComparing the UK and US legislatures: strengths and approachesComparing the executives: powers and selectionComparing the executives: accountability and approachesComparing the Supreme Courts: powers and appointmentsComparing rights protection and interest group litigationComparing party systems and party ideasComparing campaign finance and pressure groupsApplying the three approaches to democracy and participationComparative theories: rational, cultural and structuralComparing the UK and US constitutions
The State and GlobalisationGlobal
Global Governance: Political and EconomicGlobal
Global Governance: Human Rights and EnvironmentalGlobal
Topic overviewInternational law and human rights institutionsHumanitarian intervention and the Responsibility to ProtectEnvironmental governance: the UNFCCC and the IPCCThe effectiveness of international law and international courtsDeep and shallow green ecology and the tragedy of the commonsInternational environmental agreements from Rio to ParisGlobal civil society and NGOs
Power and DevelopmentsGlobal
Topic overviewDifferent types of power: hard, soft and structuralGreat powers, superpowers and emerging powersPolarity and the changing world orderSystems of government and their consequences for global orderThe development and spread of liberal economies, the rule of law and democracyHow power and developments address contemporary global issues
Regionalism and the European UnionGlobal
Topic overviewRegionalism: forms and growthRegionalism, sovereignty and levels of integrationNAFTA, the USMCA and the African UnionThe Arab League and ASEANThe treaties that built the European UnionEU institutions and enlargementEconomic and Monetary Union and the euroSupranationalism, intergovernmentalism and the drivers of integrationThe EU's political and economic influenceThe EU's military influence and normative powerHow regionalism addresses conflict, poverty and rightsThe limits of regionalism in resolving global issues
Global Comparative TheoriesGlobal
The US Supreme Court and Civil Rights
Affirmative action: successes and failures
- 3 things to know
- Component 3
Overview
Recall questions on what affirmative action is, the cases from Bakke to Students for Fair Admissions, and the arguments on both sides.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is affirmative action?
Key term
How has the Supreme Court's approach to affirmative action changed over time?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is affirmative action?
Model answer
Policies that take factors such as race, gender, or ethnicity into account to benefit underrepresented groups in areas like education and employment.
- 2
How has affirmative action succeeded in transforming higher education and professional environments?
Model answer
It increased diversity in higher education institutions and professional workplaces for historically excluded groups.
- 3
What impact has affirmative action had on the socioeconomic status of African Americans and Hispanics?
Model answer
It helped create a larger African American and Hispanic middle class by expanding access to educational and employment opportunities.
- 4
On what grounds has affirmative action been challenged as discriminatory?
Model answer
It has been challenged as reverse discrimination against white applicants and Asian Americans.
- 5
How has the Supreme Court's approach to affirmative action changed over time?
Model answer
The Supreme Court has progressively restricted its scope, limiting race-conscious admissions policies.
- 6
What did the Supreme Court rule in Regents of the University of California v Bakke (1978)?
Model answer
Racial quotas were unconstitutional, but race could be used as one factor among many in admissions decisions.
Other ways to work this
The same content, four other ways.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Every question in The US Supreme Court and Civil Rights, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.