Evaluation
Edexcel A-Level Politics 9PL0
Democracy and Participation
Political Parties
Electoral Systems
Voting Behaviour and the Media
Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
The Constitution
Parliament
The Prime Minister and the Executive
Relations Between the Branches
AnarchismNon-core
EcologismNon-core
FeminismNon-core
MulticulturalismNon-core
NationalismNon-core
The US Constitution and FederalismUSA
US CongressUSA
Topic overviewThe structure of Congress and congressional electionsThe distribution of powers within CongressRepresentation: incumbency and influences on how members voteThe legislative process and gridlockOversight and relations with the presidencyChecks on the other branches, and debates about Congress
The US PresidencyUSA
The US Supreme Court and Civil RightsUSA
Topic overviewThe living Constitution and originalismJudicial review, appointments and the current CourtJudicial activism, restraint and public policyHow effectively the Supreme Court protects rightsThe limits of Supreme Court rights protectionAffirmative action: successes and failuresRacial rights campaigns, voting rights and representationImmigration reform and equality
US Democracy and ParticipationUSA
Comparative Theories and the UK-US ComparisonUSA
Topic overviewComparing the UK and US legislatures: structure and powersComparing the UK and US legislatures: strengths and approachesComparing the executives: powers and selectionComparing the executives: accountability and approachesComparing the Supreme Courts: powers and appointmentsComparing rights protection and interest group litigationComparing party systems and party ideasComparing campaign finance and pressure groupsApplying the three approaches to democracy and participationComparative theories: rational, cultural and structuralComparing the UK and US constitutions
The State and GlobalisationGlobal
Global Governance: Political and EconomicGlobal
Global Governance: Human Rights and EnvironmentalGlobal
Topic overviewInternational law and human rights institutionsHumanitarian intervention and the Responsibility to ProtectEnvironmental governance: the UNFCCC and the IPCCThe effectiveness of international law and international courtsDeep and shallow green ecology and the tragedy of the commonsInternational environmental agreements from Rio to ParisGlobal civil society and NGOs
Power and DevelopmentsGlobal
Topic overviewDifferent types of power: hard, soft and structuralGreat powers, superpowers and emerging powersPolarity and the changing world orderSystems of government and their consequences for global orderThe development and spread of liberal economies, the rule of law and democracyHow power and developments address contemporary global issues
Regionalism and the European UnionGlobal
Topic overviewRegionalism: forms and growthRegionalism, sovereignty and levels of integrationNAFTA, the USMCA and the African UnionThe Arab League and ASEANThe treaties that built the European UnionEU institutions and enlargementEconomic and Monetary Union and the euroSupranationalism, intergovernmentalism and the drivers of integrationThe EU's political and economic influenceThe EU's military influence and normative powerHow regionalism addresses conflict, poverty and rightsThe limits of regionalism in resolving global issues
Global Comparative TheoriesGlobal
Regionalism and the European Union
The EU's political and economic influence
- 3 things to know
- Component 3
Overview
Recall questions on the channels of EU influence, the Brussels effect, and the unanimity rule and divergent national interests that constrain it.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
What is the 'Brussels effect'?
Key term
Through what three main channels does the EU exercise political influence in global politics?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Through what three main channels does the EU exercise political influence in global politics?
Model answer
Diplomatic engagement, multilateral negotiations, and its collective voice in international organisations such as the United Nations.
- 2
Why does the unanimity requirement in EU foreign policy constrain the bloc's political influence?
Model answer
It can lead to slow or blocked decision-making, as any single member state can veto a proposed position.
- 3
How do divergent national interests among member states affect the EU's political influence?
Model answer
They limit the EU's ability to present a unified political position on global issues, weakening its collective voice.
- 4
What is the basis of the EU's economic influence in global politics?
Model answer
Its status as the world's largest single market and a major trading bloc, which enables it to shape global trade rules and standards.
- 5
Name two economic tools the EU uses as instruments of foreign policy.
Model answer
Trade agreements and economic sanctions.
- 6
Explain how the EU uses trade agreements to exert influence over other states.
Model answer
By offering or withholding market access, the EU can incentivise other states to adopt certain policies, standards, or political reforms.
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