Process
Edexcel A-Level Politics 9PL0
Democracy and Participation
Political Parties
Electoral Systems
Voting Behaviour and the Media
Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
The Constitution
Parliament
The Prime Minister and the Executive
Relations Between the Branches
AnarchismNon-core
EcologismNon-core
FeminismNon-core
MulticulturalismNon-core
NationalismNon-core
The US Constitution and FederalismUSA
US CongressUSA
Topic overviewThe structure of Congress and congressional electionsThe distribution of powers within CongressRepresentation: incumbency and influences on how members voteThe legislative process and gridlockOversight and relations with the presidencyChecks on the other branches, and debates about Congress
The US PresidencyUSA
The US Supreme Court and Civil RightsUSA
Topic overviewThe living Constitution and originalismJudicial review, appointments and the current CourtJudicial activism, restraint and public policyHow effectively the Supreme Court protects rightsThe limits of Supreme Court rights protectionAffirmative action: successes and failuresRacial rights campaigns, voting rights and representationImmigration reform and equality
US Democracy and ParticipationUSA
Comparative Theories and the UK-US ComparisonUSA
Topic overviewComparing the UK and US legislatures: structure and powersComparing the UK and US legislatures: strengths and approachesComparing the executives: powers and selectionComparing the executives: accountability and approachesComparing the Supreme Courts: powers and appointmentsComparing rights protection and interest group litigationComparing party systems and party ideasComparing campaign finance and pressure groupsApplying the three approaches to democracy and participationComparative theories: rational, cultural and structuralComparing the UK and US constitutions
The State and GlobalisationGlobal
Global Governance: Political and EconomicGlobal
Global Governance: Human Rights and EnvironmentalGlobal
Topic overviewInternational law and human rights institutionsHumanitarian intervention and the Responsibility to ProtectEnvironmental governance: the UNFCCC and the IPCCThe effectiveness of international law and international courtsDeep and shallow green ecology and the tragedy of the commonsInternational environmental agreements from Rio to ParisGlobal civil society and NGOs
Power and DevelopmentsGlobal
Topic overviewDifferent types of power: hard, soft and structuralGreat powers, superpowers and emerging powersPolarity and the changing world orderSystems of government and their consequences for global orderThe development and spread of liberal economies, the rule of law and democracyHow power and developments address contemporary global issues
Regionalism and the European UnionGlobal
Topic overviewRegionalism: forms and growthRegionalism, sovereignty and levels of integrationNAFTA, the USMCA and the African UnionThe Arab League and ASEANThe treaties that built the European UnionEU institutions and enlargementEconomic and Monetary Union and the euroSupranationalism, intergovernmentalism and the drivers of integrationThe EU's political and economic influenceThe EU's military influence and normative powerHow regionalism addresses conflict, poverty and rightsThe limits of regionalism in resolving global issues
Global Comparative TheoriesGlobal
US Democracy and Participation
Interest groups: methods, access and power
- 3 things to know
- Component 3
Overview
Recall questions on lobbying, litigation, grassroots mobilisation and contributions, on iron triangles and the revolving door, and on what makes a group powerful.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is an iron triangle in US policy-making?
Key term
Why does the US system provide pressure groups with numerous opportunities to influence policy?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How do pressure groups use lobbying to influence US policy?
Model answer
By directly engaging with and attempting to persuade legislators to support their policy positions.
- 2
How do pressure groups use litigation to influence US policy?
Model answer
By bringing court cases to challenge or establish legal precedents that advance their policy goals.
- 3
How do pressure groups use grassroots mobilisation to influence US policy?
Model answer
By organising members and supporters to contact representatives, attend rallies, or engage in collective action to demonstrate public support.
- 4
How do pressure groups use campaign contributions to influence US policy?
Model answer
By donating to candidates who support their positions, helping to elect sympathetic legislators.
- 5
How do pressure groups use media campaigns to influence US policy?
Model answer
By running advertisements and publicity efforts to shape public opinion and put pressure on decision-makers.
- 6
Why does the US system provide pressure groups with numerous opportunities to influence policy?
Model answer
The separation of powers and multiple access points allow groups to target federal, state, and local levels of government.
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