Key term
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnology
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Bioenergetics
Metabolism
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
The building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, metabolism as the sum of enzyme-controlled reactions powered by respiration, glucose converted to starch, glycogen and cellulose, lipids from glycerol and fatty acids, amino acids from glucose and nitrate, and excess protein broken down to urea.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Name the two kinds of smaller molecule that lipids are broken down into.
Key term
Explain why a cell needs a supply of amino acids.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which smaller molecules are carbohydrates built up from and broken down into?
Model answer
Simple sugars such as glucose.
- 2
Which smaller molecules are proteins built up from?
Model answer
Amino acids.
- 3
Name the two kinds of smaller molecule that lipids are broken down into.
Model answer
Fatty acids and glycerol.
- 4
Explain why a cell needs a supply of amino acids.
Model answer
Amino acids are joined together to synthesise the proteins the cell needs.
- 5
What is meant by metabolism?
Model answer
The sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or in the body.
- 6
What controls the reactions of metabolism?
Model answer
Enzymes.
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