Key term
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnology
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Infection and Response
Bacterial diseases
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Salmonella food poisoning, its symptoms and toxins, and control by vaccinating poultry and cooking thoroughly, and gonorrhoea, its symptoms, sexual transmission, resistance to penicillin and control with antibiotics and condoms.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What produces the symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning?
Key term
How is the spread of Salmonella controlled in poultry in the UK?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which type of pathogen causes Salmonella food poisoning?
Model answer
A bacterium.
- 2
How does a person catch Salmonella food poisoning?
Model answer
By eating food containing the bacteria, often food prepared in unhygienic conditions.
- 3
State three symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning.
Model answer
Fever, abdominal cramps and vomiting or diarrhoea.
- 4
What produces the symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning?
Model answer
The bacteria themselves and the toxins they secrete.
- 5
How is the spread of Salmonella controlled in poultry in the UK?
Model answer
Poultry are vaccinated against the bacterium.
- 6
Explain why cooking chicken thoroughly reduces the risk of food poisoning.
Model answer
The heat kills the bacteria in and on the meat before it is eaten.
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