Key term
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnology
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Homeostasis and Response
The brain and the control of body temperature
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The cerebral cortex, cerebellum and medulla, and how the thermoregulatory centre and skin receptors control body temperature through vasodilation and sweating when it is too high and vasoconstriction and shivering when it is too low.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is the brain made of, and what does it control?
Key term
Why is the brain described as having different regions?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the brain made of, and what does it control?
Model answer
Billions of interconnected neurones, and it controls complex behaviour.
- 2
Why is the brain described as having different regions?
Model answer
Different regions of the brain carry out different functions.
- 3
What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?
Model answer
Consciousness, intelligence, memory and language.
- 4
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Model answer
Coordinating muscular activity, so that movement and balance are smooth.
- 5
Which region of the brain controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing?
Model answer
The medulla.
- 6
Which part of the brain monitors and controls body temperature?
Model answer
The thermoregulatory centre.
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