Key term
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnology
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Infection and Response
Detection and identification of plant diseases
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and insects as causes of plant damage, tobacco mosaic virus, black spot and aphids, and how nitrate and magnesium ion deficiencies cause stunted growth and chlorosis.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Name a viral disease and a fungal disease of plants.
Key term
Which mineral ion deficiency causes stunted growth in plants?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the kinds of organism that can infect or damage a plant.
Model answer
Viruses, bacteria and fungi, and insects.
- 2
Name a viral disease and a fungal disease of plants.
Model answer
Tobacco mosaic virus is viral and black spot is fungal.
- 3
Name an insect that is a common pest of plants.
Model answer
The aphid.
- 4
How do aphids damage the plant they live on?
Model answer
They feed on the sugary sap the plant is transporting, so the plant has less for growth.
- 5
Which mineral ion deficiency causes stunted growth in plants?
Model answer
A shortage of nitrate ions.
- 6
What is chlorosis, and which deficiency causes it?
Model answer
It is yellowing of the leaves, caused by a shortage of magnesium ions.
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