Key term
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnology
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Classification of living organisms
- 2 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The Linnaean groups from kingdom to species, binomial names and what shared groups show about relatedness, how microscopes and biochemistry changed classification, Carl Woese's three domains of archaea, bacteria and eukaryota, and placing organisms on evolutionary trees.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
List the groups used by Linnaeus in order, from the largest to the smallest.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Who developed the traditional system for classifying living things?
Model answer
Carl Linnaeus.
- 2
On what did the traditional classification of living things depend?
Model answer
On the structure and characteristics of the organisms.
- 3
List the groups used by Linnaeus in order, from the largest to the smallest.
Model answer
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
- 4
Which two groups give an organism its binomial name?
Model answer
The genus and the species.
- 5
What is the binomial system?
Model answer
A way of naming an organism using its genus followed by its species.
- 6
Two organisms share the first part of their binomial name but not the second. What does this tell you about them?
Model answer
They belong to the same genus but are different species.
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