Define the term crime.

A crime is an act that breaks the criminal law of a society and is punishable by the state through the criminal justice system.

What do sociologists mean by social order?

Social order is the stable, predictable patterning of everyday social life that results from people largely sharing and following the same norms and expectations.

Define the term social control.

Social control refers to the processes by which members of a society are persuaded or compelled to conform to its norms and laws.

Distinguish between formal and informal social control, with an example of each.

Formal social control is exercised by official agencies with written rules and legal sanctions, such as the police and courts, while informal social control operates through everyday approval and disapproval from family, peers and colleagues.

OCR A-Level Sociology H580

Introducing Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Topic overview Culture, norms, values and cultural relativism Subculture, high culture and popular culture Global and consumer culture, cultural diversity and hybridity Primary and secondary socialisation, the family and peer group Media, religion, education and the workplace as agencies of socialisation Lifelong socialisation and the nature/nurture debate Social control, sanctions and formal agencies of control Informal agencies and theories of social control The concept of identity, ethnicity and nationality Gender, class and sexual identity Age, disability, hybrid and intersecting identities

Families and RelationshipsComponent 01

Topic overview Family types and trends in marriage, divorce and cohabitation Demographic change, family diversity and newer family types Nuclear family ideology, functionalism and the New Right Marxist, feminist and postmodern views and the diversity debate Conjugal roles and the domestic division of labour Power, the dark side of the family and theories of partner roles The child-centred family, views of childhood and its extension Parent-child power, grandparents in an ageing population and feminist views

Youth SubculturesComponent 01

Topic overview Functionalist and neo-Marxist views of youth culture Hebdige, feminist and postmodern views of youth subcultures Class, ethnic and hybrid subcultures and consensus versus conflict Delinquent, criminal, spectacular and anti-school subcultures Gangs, newer deviant subcultures and patterns in youth offending Functionalist, New Right and Marxist explanations of youth deviance Labelling, identity, gender, ethnicity and moral panics in youth deviance

MediaComponent 01

Topic overview Representations of ethnicity and nationality, symbolic annihilation and the male gaze Representations of gender, social class and young people Representations of older people and theories of media representation Direct and indirect media effects models Active audience models, deviance amplification and moral panics

Research Methods and Researching Social Inequalities

Topic overview Positivism, quantitative data and interpretivism Verstehen, qualitative data and validity Reliability, representativeness, generalisability and theory Research topics, aims, hypotheses and primary and secondary data Operationalisation, pilot studies and respondent validation Longitudinal studies, interpreting data and social policy Sampling frames, sampling techniques and choosing a sample Access, gatekeepers and research ethics Questionnaires, structured interviews, statistics, content analysis and observation Unstructured interviews, ethnography and methodological pluralism

Understanding Social Inequalities

Topic overview Stratification, class, poverty, mobility and gender inequality Ethnicity, age, work and health inequalities Functionalist and Marxist explanations of inequality Weberian, feminist and New Right explanations of inequality

Globalisation and the Digital Social World

Topic overview Globalisation, the digital revolution and media convergence Social media, social capital and theoretical views of digital communication Digital identities, the digital divide and social class Gender, age, relationships and cultural impacts of digital communication

Crime and DevianceComponent 03

Topic overview Defining crime and deviance, social control and relativity Social construction of crime and police recorded crime The Crime Survey, victim surveys and self-report studies Crime patterns by social class, gender and age Crime patterns by ethnicity, crime trends and global organised crime Glocal organised crime and green crime Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories of crime Marxist, interactionist and left realist theories of crime Right realism, New Right, feminism and explaining ethnic and age patterns Left-wing crime reduction, social crime prevention and restorative justice Situational crime prevention, zero tolerance and punitive justice

EducationComponent 03

Topic overview Functionalist, Marxist and liberal views of the role of education Social democratic, New Right and feminist views and vocational education Class and ethnic patterns in educational attainment Gender patterns, global educational inequality and intersectionality Inside-school factors: labelling, setting, triage and institutional racism Material and cultural deprivation and cultural capital Explaining gender and ethnic differences and theoretical views of achievement Types of school and education policy since 1988 Ideology, marketisation and equality of opportunity in education policy

Religion, Belief and FaithComponent 03

Topic overview Defining religion, faith and belief, churches and denominations Sects, cults, new religious and new age movements and fundamentalism Measuring religiosity and believing without belonging Functionalist and Marxist views of the role of religion Neo-Marxist, Weberian, feminist, phenomenological and postmodern views of religion Religion, social change and whether religion is positive or negative Class and gender patterns in religiosity Women's changing religiosity and ethnic and age patterns Age cohorts, global religious trends and resurgence Defining secularisation and evidence of religious decline Pro- and anti-secularisation theories Religion and social policy, the golden age critique and global patterns

Crime and Deviance

Defining crime and deviance, social control and relativity

3 things to know
Component 03

Overview

Recall questions on defining crime and deviance, acts that are deviant but not criminal, social order, formal and informal social control, and the relativity of crime and deviance over time, between societies and within a single society.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

How can crime and deviance be relative within a single society?

Key term

Define the term deviance.

Key term

Give one act that is deviant but not criminal, and one that is criminal but rarely treated as deviant.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Define the term crime.
Model answer
A crime is an act that breaks the criminal law of a society and is punishable by the state through the criminal justice system.
2
Define the term deviance.
Model answer
Deviance is behaviour that departs from the norms of a social group and attracts disapproval, negative sanctions or attempts to correct it.
3
Give one act that is deviant but not criminal, and one that is criminal but rarely treated as deviant.
Model answer
Talking loudly to yourself in a quiet carriage is deviant but lawful, while driving a few miles per hour over the speed limit is criminal yet widely tolerated.
4
What do sociologists mean by social order?
Model answer
Social order is the stable, predictable patterning of everyday social life that results from people largely sharing and following the same norms and expectations.
5
Define the term social control.
Model answer
Social control refers to the processes by which members of a society are persuaded or compelled to conform to its norms and laws.
6
Distinguish between formal and informal social control, with an example of each.
Model answer
Formal social control is exercised by official agencies with written rules and legal sanctions, such as the police and courts, while informal social control operates through everyday approval and disapproval from family, peers and colleagues.

See the rest and revise

Other ways to work this

The same content, four other ways.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

1Closed book

2Open book

3Closed book

The 3-step method, run for you

Answer cold, learn it, then prove it stuck. Levo tracks the jump between your first attempt and your last.

Introducing Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Families and Relationships

Youth Subcultures

Media

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

Sort every topic into what you know and what you do not, then drill only the weak ones.

Murdock identified sexual, , economic and educational functions.

reproductiveemotionalpolitical

Blank Blitz makes facts automatic

Rapid timed gap-fills on the terms and numbers you need to recall without thinking.

AVictims may fear reprisal, or feel shame or economic dependence.

BAbuse in the home has historically been treated as a private matter.

CMany incidents are never reported or recorded.

Build It gets the exam shape right

Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Sex refers to the biological category of male or female.

TrueFalse

Test It catches misconceptions

Spot the fault in a statement. The traps are the mistakes students actually make.

721941163128510

Brain Breaks between sessions

Short focus games to reset attention, so the next set lands better than the last.

Every question in Crime and Deviance, on a schedule.

Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.

Start revising, £5 a month See how the method works

Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.