What did van Dijk's analysis of news reporting find about the portrayal of black people?

He found black people appeared within a narrow set of negative news frames, above all crime, conflict and immigration, so that they were presented as a problem for white society rather than as ordinary citizens.

Identify the recurring stereotypes of black people that Hall found in Western media.

He identified base images inherited from the colonial era, the servile slave figure, the exotic native and the clown or entertainer, each of which confines black people to a limited role.

How has the media treatment of Irish people in Britain been criticised?

Critics point to a long tradition of portraying Irish people as unintelligent or comic, and to coverage during the Troubles that attached terrorism to a whole nationality rather than to a small group.

How does press coverage of newer immigrant groups differ from coverage of long-established minority ethnic communities?

Newer arrivals such as recent European migrants and asylum seekers are covered mainly as a question of numbers, borders and welfare cost, while established communities appear more often in ordinary domestic, comic and entertainment roles.

OCR A-Level Sociology H580

Introducing Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Topic overview Culture, norms, values and cultural relativism Subculture, high culture and popular culture Global and consumer culture, cultural diversity and hybridity Primary and secondary socialisation, the family and peer group Media, religion, education and the workplace as agencies of socialisation Lifelong socialisation and the nature/nurture debate Social control, sanctions and formal agencies of control Informal agencies and theories of social control The concept of identity, ethnicity and nationality Gender, class and sexual identity Age, disability, hybrid and intersecting identities

Families and RelationshipsComponent 01

Topic overview Family types and trends in marriage, divorce and cohabitation Demographic change, family diversity and newer family types Nuclear family ideology, functionalism and the New Right Marxist, feminist and postmodern views and the diversity debate Conjugal roles and the domestic division of labour Power, the dark side of the family and theories of partner roles The child-centred family, views of childhood and its extension Parent-child power, grandparents in an ageing population and feminist views

Youth SubculturesComponent 01

Topic overview Functionalist and neo-Marxist views of youth culture Hebdige, feminist and postmodern views of youth subcultures Class, ethnic and hybrid subcultures and consensus versus conflict Delinquent, criminal, spectacular and anti-school subcultures Gangs, newer deviant subcultures and patterns in youth offending Functionalist, New Right and Marxist explanations of youth deviance Labelling, identity, gender, ethnicity and moral panics in youth deviance

MediaComponent 01

Topic overview Representations of ethnicity and nationality, symbolic annihilation and the male gaze Representations of gender, social class and young people Representations of older people and theories of media representation Direct and indirect media effects models Active audience models, deviance amplification and moral panics

Research Methods and Researching Social Inequalities

Topic overview Positivism, quantitative data and interpretivism Verstehen, qualitative data and validity Reliability, representativeness, generalisability and theory Research topics, aims, hypotheses and primary and secondary data Operationalisation, pilot studies and respondent validation Longitudinal studies, interpreting data and social policy Sampling frames, sampling techniques and choosing a sample Access, gatekeepers and research ethics Questionnaires, structured interviews, statistics, content analysis and observation Unstructured interviews, ethnography and methodological pluralism

Understanding Social Inequalities

Topic overview Stratification, class, poverty, mobility and gender inequality Ethnicity, age, work and health inequalities Functionalist and Marxist explanations of inequality Weberian, feminist and New Right explanations of inequality

Globalisation and the Digital Social World

Topic overview Globalisation, the digital revolution and media convergence Social media, social capital and theoretical views of digital communication Digital identities, the digital divide and social class Gender, age, relationships and cultural impacts of digital communication

Crime and DevianceComponent 03

Topic overview Defining crime and deviance, social control and relativity Social construction of crime and police recorded crime The Crime Survey, victim surveys and self-report studies Crime patterns by social class, gender and age Crime patterns by ethnicity, crime trends and global organised crime Glocal organised crime and green crime Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories of crime Marxist, interactionist and left realist theories of crime Right realism, New Right, feminism and explaining ethnic and age patterns Left-wing crime reduction, social crime prevention and restorative justice Situational crime prevention, zero tolerance and punitive justice

EducationComponent 03

Topic overview Functionalist, Marxist and liberal views of the role of education Social democratic, New Right and feminist views and vocational education Class and ethnic patterns in educational attainment Gender patterns, global educational inequality and intersectionality Inside-school factors: labelling, setting, triage and institutional racism Material and cultural deprivation and cultural capital Explaining gender and ethnic differences and theoretical views of achievement Types of school and education policy since 1988 Ideology, marketisation and equality of opportunity in education policy

Religion, Belief and FaithComponent 03

Topic overview Defining religion, faith and belief, churches and denominations Sects, cults, new religious and new age movements and fundamentalism Measuring religiosity and believing without belonging Functionalist and Marxist views of the role of religion Neo-Marxist, Weberian, feminist, phenomenological and postmodern views of religion Religion, social change and whether religion is positive or negative Class and gender patterns in religiosity Women's changing religiosity and ethnic and age patterns Age cohorts, global religious trends and resurgence Defining secularisation and evidence of religious decline Pro- and anti-secularisation theories Religion and social policy, the golden age critique and global patterns

Media

Representations of ethnicity and nationality, symbolic annihilation and the male gaze

3 things to know
Component 01

Overview

Recall questions on media representations of ethnicity, including van Dijk's news analysis and Hall's stereotypes of black people, changing representations of minority ethnic groups, Irish, Scottish, Welsh and English identity and newer immigrant groups, and Tuchman's symbolic annihilation and Mulvey's male gaze.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Study

What did van Dijk and Hall find about media representations of black people, and how far are those representations changing?

Key term

How far are representations of minority ethnic groups said to be changing?

Key term

What stereotypes are commonly attached to Scottish, Welsh and English identity in UK media?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What did van Dijk's analysis of news reporting find about the portrayal of black people?
Model answer
He found black people appeared within a narrow set of negative news frames, above all crime, conflict and immigration, so that they were presented as a problem for white society rather than as ordinary citizens.
2
Identify the recurring stereotypes of black people that Hall found in Western media.
Model answer
He identified base images inherited from the colonial era, the servile slave figure, the exotic native and the clown or entertainer, each of which confines black people to a limited role.
3
How far are representations of minority ethnic groups said to be changing?
Model answer
Minority ethnic actors and presenters now appear far more often in mainstream drama, soaps and news, but critics argue casting is frequently tokenistic and that crime and terrorism still dominate factual coverage.
4
How has the media treatment of Irish people in Britain been criticised?
Model answer
Critics point to a long tradition of portraying Irish people as unintelligent or comic, and to coverage during the Troubles that attached terrorism to a whole nationality rather than to a small group.
5
What stereotypes are commonly attached to Scottish, Welsh and English identity in UK media?
Model answer
Scots are often shown as mean with money, tartan-clad or aggressive, the Welsh as rural and parochial, and Englishness is treated as the unmarked norm against which the others are measured.
6
How does press coverage of newer immigrant groups differ from coverage of long-established minority ethnic communities?
Model answer
Newer arrivals such as recent European migrants and asylum seekers are covered mainly as a question of numbers, borders and welfare cost, while established communities appear more often in ordinary domestic, comic and entertainment roles.

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Introducing Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Families and Relationships

Youth Subcultures

Media

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reproductiveemotionalpolitical

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AVictims may fear reprisal, or feel shame or economic dependence.

BAbuse in the home has historically been treated as a private matter.

CMany incidents are never reported or recorded.

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Sex refers to the biological category of male or female.

TrueFalse

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