What does Eli Zaretsky argue about the family as a haven?

Zaretsky argues the comfort the family appears to offer from alienating work is largely an illusion, because the family cannot meet all a person's needs and mainly serves capitalism by reproducing and maintaining labour power.

Give one criticism of the Marxist view of the family.

Critics argue it is economically determinist, assuming everything the family does serves capitalism, and that it neglects gender inequality within the family, which feminists see as the central issue.

What do liberal feminists argue about the family?

Liberal feminists argue that gender inequality in the family is caused by socialisation and outdated attitudes, and that it is gradually being reduced through legal reform, education and changing expectations rather than requiring revolution.

How do Marxist feminists explain women's position in the family?

They argue women's unpaid domestic work reproduces labour power cheaply for capitalism, and, as Ansley put it, women absorb the frustration men bring home from exploitative work, so the family cushions capitalism at women's expense.

What is the radical feminist analysis of the family?

Radical feminists such as Delphy and Leonard see the family as the key institution of patriarchy, in which men benefit from women's unpaid labour and emotional servicing; Germaine Greer argues women would be better served by female-centred households.

OCR A-Level Sociology H580

Introducing Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Topic overview Culture, norms, values and cultural relativism Subculture, high culture and popular culture Global and consumer culture, cultural diversity and hybridity Primary and secondary socialisation, the family and peer group Media, religion, education and the workplace as agencies of socialisation Lifelong socialisation and the nature/nurture debate Social control, sanctions and formal agencies of control Informal agencies and theories of social control The concept of identity, ethnicity and nationality Gender, class and sexual identity Age, disability, hybrid and intersecting identities

Families and RelationshipsComponent 01

Topic overview Family types and trends in marriage, divorce and cohabitation Demographic change, family diversity and newer family types Nuclear family ideology, functionalism and the New Right Marxist, feminist and postmodern views and the diversity debate Conjugal roles and the domestic division of labour Power, the dark side of the family and theories of partner roles The child-centred family, views of childhood and its extension Parent-child power, grandparents in an ageing population and feminist views

Youth SubculturesComponent 01

Topic overview Functionalist and neo-Marxist views of youth culture Hebdige, feminist and postmodern views of youth subcultures Class, ethnic and hybrid subcultures and consensus versus conflict Delinquent, criminal, spectacular and anti-school subcultures Gangs, newer deviant subcultures and patterns in youth offending Functionalist, New Right and Marxist explanations of youth deviance Labelling, identity, gender, ethnicity and moral panics in youth deviance

MediaComponent 01

Topic overview Representations of ethnicity and nationality, symbolic annihilation and the male gaze Representations of gender, social class and young people Representations of older people and theories of media representation Direct and indirect media effects models Active audience models, deviance amplification and moral panics

Research Methods and Researching Social Inequalities

Topic overview Positivism, quantitative data and interpretivism Verstehen, qualitative data and validity Reliability, representativeness, generalisability and theory Research topics, aims, hypotheses and primary and secondary data Operationalisation, pilot studies and respondent validation Longitudinal studies, interpreting data and social policy Sampling frames, sampling techniques and choosing a sample Access, gatekeepers and research ethics Questionnaires, structured interviews, statistics, content analysis and observation Unstructured interviews, ethnography and methodological pluralism

Understanding Social Inequalities

Topic overview Stratification, class, poverty, mobility and gender inequality Ethnicity, age, work and health inequalities Functionalist and Marxist explanations of inequality Weberian, feminist and New Right explanations of inequality

Globalisation and the Digital Social World

Topic overview Globalisation, the digital revolution and media convergence Social media, social capital and theoretical views of digital communication Digital identities, the digital divide and social class Gender, age, relationships and cultural impacts of digital communication

Crime and DevianceComponent 03

Topic overview Defining crime and deviance, social control and relativity Social construction of crime and police recorded crime The Crime Survey, victim surveys and self-report studies Crime patterns by social class, gender and age Crime patterns by ethnicity, crime trends and global organised crime Glocal organised crime and green crime Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories of crime Marxist, interactionist and left realist theories of crime Right realism, New Right, feminism and explaining ethnic and age patterns Left-wing crime reduction, social crime prevention and restorative justice Situational crime prevention, zero tolerance and punitive justice

EducationComponent 03

Topic overview Functionalist, Marxist and liberal views of the role of education Social democratic, New Right and feminist views and vocational education Class and ethnic patterns in educational attainment Gender patterns, global educational inequality and intersectionality Inside-school factors: labelling, setting, triage and institutional racism Material and cultural deprivation and cultural capital Explaining gender and ethnic differences and theoretical views of achievement Types of school and education policy since 1988 Ideology, marketisation and equality of opportunity in education policy

Religion, Belief and FaithComponent 03

Topic overview Defining religion, faith and belief, churches and denominations Sects, cults, new religious and new age movements and fundamentalism Measuring religiosity and believing without belonging Functionalist and Marxist views of the role of religion Neo-Marxist, Weberian, feminist, phenomenological and postmodern views of religion Religion, social change and whether religion is positive or negative Class and gender patterns in religiosity Women's changing religiosity and ethnic and age patterns Age cohorts, global religious trends and resurgence Defining secularisation and evidence of religious decline Pro- and anti-secularisation theories Religion and social policy, the golden age critique and global patterns

Families and Relationships

Marxist, feminist and postmodern views and the diversity debate

3 things to know
Component 01

Overview

Recall questions on Marxist views of the family from Engels and Zaretsky, liberal, Marxist, radical and difference feminism, postmodern views of diversity with Stacey and Giddens's pure relationship, Chester's neo-conventional family, the Rapoports' five types of diversity, consensus and conflict views, and the family as social control.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Who and when

What did Friedrich Engels argue about the origins of the monogamous nuclear family?

Key term

What is the postmodernist view of family diversity?

Key term

What is Anthony Giddens' concept of the 'pure relationship'?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What did Friedrich Engels argue about the origins of the monogamous nuclear family?
Model answer
Engels argued it emerged with private property, because men needed certainty of paternity to pass their wealth to legitimate heirs, which required control over women's sexuality.
2
What does Eli Zaretsky argue about the family as a haven?
Model answer
Zaretsky argues the comfort the family appears to offer from alienating work is largely an illusion, because the family cannot meet all a person's needs and mainly serves capitalism by reproducing and maintaining labour power.
3
Give one criticism of the Marxist view of the family.
Model answer
Critics argue it is economically determinist, assuming everything the family does serves capitalism, and that it neglects gender inequality within the family, which feminists see as the central issue.
4
What do liberal feminists argue about the family?
Model answer
Liberal feminists argue that gender inequality in the family is caused by socialisation and outdated attitudes, and that it is gradually being reduced through legal reform, education and changing expectations rather than requiring revolution.
5
How do Marxist feminists explain women's position in the family?
Model answer
They argue women's unpaid domestic work reproduces labour power cheaply for capitalism, and, as Ansley put it, women absorb the frustration men bring home from exploitative work, so the family cushions capitalism at women's expense.
6
What is the radical feminist analysis of the family?
Model answer
Radical feminists such as Delphy and Leonard see the family as the key institution of patriarchy, in which men benefit from women's unpaid labour and emotional servicing; Germaine Greer argues women would be better served by female-centred households.

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Introducing Socialisation, Culture and Identity

Families and Relationships

Youth Subcultures

Media

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Sort every topic into what you know and what you do not, then drill only the weak ones.

Murdock identified sexual, , economic and educational functions.

reproductiveemotionalpolitical

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AVictims may fear reprisal, or feel shame or economic dependence.

BAbuse in the home has historically been treated as a private matter.

CMany incidents are never reported or recorded.

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Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Sex refers to the biological category of male or female.

TrueFalse

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