Describe the structure of a vein.

The structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries, blood pressure, the vessels entering and leaving the heart, and vasodilation and vasoconstriction during exercise.

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Key term

Name the three types of blood vessel.

Key term

Describe the structure of an artery.

Key term

Why do arteries need thick walls?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Name the three types of blood vessel.
Model answer
The three types of blood vessel are arteries, capillaries and veins.
2
Describe the structure of an artery.
Model answer
An artery has a thick, muscular and elastic wall. An artery has a small internal diameter compared with the thickness of its wall.
3
Why do arteries need thick walls?
Model answer
Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure. The thick, elastic walls withstand the pressure and stretch with each heartbeat.
4
Describe the structure of a vein.
Model answer
A vein has a thinner, less muscular wall than an artery. A vein has a larger internal diameter and contains valves.
5
Explain why veins contain valves.
Model answer
Blood in the veins is under low pressure and could flow backwards. Valves close to stop backflow, keeping blood moving towards the heart.
6
Describe the structure of a capillary.
Model answer
A capillary is a very narrow vessel with walls only one cell thick. Red blood cells pass through a capillary in single file.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

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CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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