What is progressive overload?

Progressive overload means gradually increasing the amount of training so that fitness improves. The body is made to work harder than normal, but in safe steps.

Why must overload be progressive rather than sudden?

A sudden large increase in training can cause injury or overtraining. A gradual increase gives the body time to adapt.

What is reversibility?

Reversibility means that fitness gains are lost when training stops or is reduced. Adaptations made by the body slowly disappear without regular training.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Physical Training

Principles of training

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Specificity, progressive overload, reversibility and tedium, and the FITT principle of frequency, intensity, time and type applied to real performers.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What do the letters SPORT stand for in the principles of training?

Key term

What is the principle of specificity?

Key term

How would a 100 m sprinter apply the principle of specificity?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What do the letters SPORT stand for in the principles of training?
Model answer
SPORT stands for specificity, progressive overload, reversibility and tedium. The P and O together make progressive overload.
2
What is the principle of specificity?
Model answer
Specificity means matching training to the needs of the activity or sport. Training should use the same muscles, movements and energy system as the sport.
3
How would a 100 m sprinter apply the principle of specificity?
Model answer
A 100 m sprinter should train with short, maximal sprints and explosive work. Long, slow runs would not match the demands of the race.
4
What is progressive overload?
Model answer
Progressive overload means gradually increasing the amount of training so that fitness improves. The body is made to work harder than normal, but in safe steps.
5
Why must overload be progressive rather than sudden?
Model answer
A sudden large increase in training can cause injury or overtraining. A gradual increase gives the body time to adapt.
6
What is reversibility?
Model answer
Reversibility means that fitness gains are lost when training stops or is reduced. Adaptations made by the body slowly disappear without regular training.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

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CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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