What is overtraining, and how can it be avoided in weight training?

Overtraining is training too hard or too often without enough recovery. A lifter avoids overtraining by choosing an appropriate weight and resting between sessions.

How can clothing and footwear help prevent injury?

Footwear with the right grip and support reduces slips and ankle injuries. Suitable kit and protective equipment such as shin pads guard the body from impact.

When should taping or bracing be used?

Tape or a brace supports a weak or previously injured joint, such as an ankle. The support limits unwanted movement that could cause injury.

How does maintaining hydration help prevent injury?

Dehydration causes fatigue, cramp and poor concentration. A tired, unfocused performer is more likely to get injured.

How should stretches be performed to avoid injury?

Stretches should be eased into gently and held steadily. Overstretching or bouncing can tear muscle fibres.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Physical Training

Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

How to prevent injury through matched training, rest, clothing, taping, hydration and technique, altitude training and its limits, and the three training seasons.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Evaluation

What are the limitations of altitude training?

Key term

How does each training season benefit a professional football player?

Key term

Why should the type and intensity of training match the training purpose?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why should the type and intensity of training match the training purpose?
Model answer
Work at the wrong intensity for the aim can strain the body and cause injury. An aerobic aim needs moderate intensity, while an anaerobic aim needs short, hard efforts.
2
What is overtraining, and how can it be avoided in weight training?
Model answer
Overtraining is training too hard or too often without enough recovery. A lifter avoids overtraining by choosing an appropriate weight and resting between sessions.
3
How can clothing and footwear help prevent injury?
Model answer
Footwear with the right grip and support reduces slips and ankle injuries. Suitable kit and protective equipment such as shin pads guard the body from impact.
4
When should taping or bracing be used?
Model answer
Tape or a brace supports a weak or previously injured joint, such as an ankle. The support limits unwanted movement that could cause injury.
5
How does maintaining hydration help prevent injury?
Model answer
Dehydration causes fatigue, cramp and poor concentration. A tired, unfocused performer is more likely to get injured.
6
How should stretches be performed to avoid injury?
Model answer
Stretches should be eased into gently and held steadily. Overstretching or bouncing can tear muscle fibres.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

BMaximum heart rate = 220 − 20 = 200 bpm.

CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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