Exercise is physical activity done to maintain or improve health or fitness. Exercise is not the same as competitive sport.

What is meant by performance in physical activity?

Performance is how well a task is completed. Health and fitness both affect the level of performance.

How can ill health lead to a fall in fitness?

Ill health can leave a performer unable to train. Fitness then falls because the body loses its training adaptations.

A footballer catches flu and misses two weeks of training. What happens to her fitness, and why?

The footballer's fitness will fall because she cannot train. Cardiovascular endurance drops once regular training stops.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Physical Training

Health, fitness and exercise

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

What health, fitness, exercise and performance mean, how ill health affects fitness, and why a person can be fit but unhealthy or healthy but unfit.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why can a person with no illness still lack good health?

Key term

Why does the fitness a person needs depend on the demands placed on them?

Key term

What is exercise?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why can a person with no illness still lack good health?
Model answer
Good health means complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not just freedom from disease. A person who is lonely or highly stressed lacks full health.
2
Why does the fitness a person needs depend on the demands placed on them?
Model answer
Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment. A person fit enough for office work may not be fit enough for a rugby match.
3
What is exercise?
Model answer
Exercise is physical activity done to maintain or improve health or fitness. Exercise is not the same as competitive sport.
4
What is meant by performance in physical activity?
Model answer
Performance is how well a task is completed. Health and fitness both affect the level of performance.
5
How can ill health lead to a fall in fitness?
Model answer
Ill health can leave a performer unable to train. Fitness then falls because the body loses its training adaptations.
6
A footballer catches flu and misses two weeks of training. What happens to her fitness, and why?
Model answer
The footballer's fitness will fall because she cannot train. Cardiovascular endurance drops once regular training stops.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

Use of Data

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

BMaximum heart rate = 220 − 20 = 200 bpm.

CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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