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Socio-Cultural Influences

Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

The positive and negative effects of spectators, home-field advantage, the causes of hooliganism, and strategies to combat it from segregation to banning orders.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started
Key term

How do spectators have a positive effect at sporting events?

Evaluation

What is home-field advantage?

Key term

How can spectators have a negative effect on performance?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How do spectators have a positive effect at sporting events?

    Model answer

    Spectators create an atmosphere that can lift performers. Home crowds can give their team a home-field advantage.

  2. 2

    What is home-field advantage?

    Model answer

    Home-field advantage is the benefit a team or performer gains from competing at their own venue. Crowd support, familiar surroundings and no travel all contribute.

  3. 3

    How can spectators have a negative effect on performance?

    Model answer

    A large or hostile crowd increases the pressure on performers. The pressure can cause anxiety and mistakes.

  4. 4

    How can poor spectator behaviour affect young performers?

    Model answer

    Young players may copy abusive behaviour they see from spectators. Parents may stop children taking part if crowds at matches seem threatening.

  5. 5

    Why do events with large crowds have high safety costs?

    Model answer

    Organisers must pay for stewards, police and safety measures. These costs are highest at matches with a history of trouble.

  6. 6

    What is hooliganism?

    Model answer

    Hooliganism is violent or disorderly behaviour by spectators at or around sporting events. Hooliganism is most associated with football.

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