Why might a performer feel tired in the hours after a hard session?

A hard session uses up the body's energy stores and leaves waste products in the muscles. The performer feels fatigued until the energy stores are replaced.

What can cause light-headedness after intense exercise?

Light-headedness can be caused by dehydration or by less blood reaching the brain. Stopping suddenly can let blood pool in the legs.

Why might a performer feel nauseous after very intense exercise?

Nausea can occur when blood is diverted away from the digestive system to the muscles. Dehydration and eating too soon before exercise make nausea more likely.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Short- and long-term effects of exercise

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Immediate effects such as sweating and faster breathing, effects hours later including DOMS and cramp, and long-term adaptations such as cardiac hypertrophy and bradycardia.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why does a performer's skin become hot, sweaty and red during exercise?

Key term

Why do the depth and frequency of breathing increase during exercise?

Key term

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why does a performer's skin become hot, sweaty and red during exercise?
Model answer
Working muscles release heat, so body temperature rises and sweat is produced to cool the body. Blood vessels near the skin widen, making the skin look red.
2
Why do the depth and frequency of breathing increase during exercise?
Model answer
The working muscles need more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide. Deeper, faster breathing takes in more oxygen and removes more carbon dioxide.
3
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
Model answer
Heart rate increases to pump more blood to the working muscles. The blood delivers extra oxygen and carries away more carbon dioxide.
4
Why might a performer feel tired in the hours after a hard session?
Model answer
A hard session uses up the body's energy stores and leaves waste products in the muscles. The performer feels fatigued until the energy stores are replaced.
5
What can cause light-headedness after intense exercise?
Model answer
Light-headedness can be caused by dehydration or by less blood reaching the brain. Stopping suddenly can let blood pool in the legs.
6
Why might a performer feel nauseous after very intense exercise?
Model answer
Nausea can occur when blood is diverted away from the digestive system to the muscles. Dehydration and eating too soon before exercise make nausea more likely.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

Use of Data

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

BMaximum heart rate = 220 − 20 = 200 bpm.

CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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Brain Breaks between sessions

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