How does the sagittal plane divide the body, and which movements happen in it?

The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves. Flexion and extension take place in the sagittal plane.

How does the frontal plane divide the body, and which movements happen in it?

The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves. Abduction and adduction take place in the frontal plane.

How does the transverse plane divide the body, and which movements happen in it?

The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves. Rotation takes place in the transverse plane.

Which direction does the transverse axis run through the body?

The transverse axis runs from side to side, through the hips. Movements in the sagittal plane turn about the transverse axis.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Movement Analysis

Planes and axes of movement

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

The sagittal, frontal and transverse planes, the axes that pair with them, and the planes and axes used in somersaults, cartwheels, spins and throws.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

How do the sagittal and frontal planes divide the body, and which movements happen in each?

Key term

What is a plane of movement?

Key term

What is an axis of movement?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is a plane of movement?
Model answer
A plane is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body. A plane shows the direction in which a movement takes place.
2
What is an axis of movement?
Model answer
An axis is an imaginary line about which the body or a limb rotates. Each axis passes through its plane at a right angle.
3
How does the sagittal plane divide the body, and which movements happen in it?
Model answer
The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves. Flexion and extension take place in the sagittal plane.
4
How does the frontal plane divide the body, and which movements happen in it?
Model answer
The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves. Abduction and adduction take place in the frontal plane.
5
How does the transverse plane divide the body, and which movements happen in it?
Model answer
The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves. Rotation takes place in the transverse plane.
6
Which direction does the transverse axis run through the body?
Model answer
The transverse axis runs from side to side, through the hips. Movements in the sagittal plane turn about the transverse axis.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

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