Which antagonistic pair works at the knee?

The hamstring group and the quadriceps group work at the knee. The hamstrings flex the knee and the quadriceps extend it.

Which antagonistic pair works at the hip?

The hip flexors and the gluteals work as a pair at the hip. The hip flexors flex the hip and the gluteals extend it.

Which two muscles work as a pair at the ankle?

The gastrocnemius and the tibialis anterior work at the ankle. The gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion and the tibialis anterior causes dorsiflexion.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Muscles and antagonistic pairs

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Agonists and antagonists, the antagonistic pairs at the elbow, knee, hip, ankle and shoulder, and concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions applied to sporting actions.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is an antagonistic pair of muscles?

Key term

Define the terms agonist and antagonist.

Key term

Which antagonistic pair works at the elbow, and what does each muscle do?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is an antagonistic pair of muscles?
Model answer
An antagonistic pair is two muscles that work together to move a joint. One muscle contracts while the other relaxes.
2
Define the terms agonist and antagonist.
Model answer
The agonist, or prime mover, is the muscle that contracts to produce a movement. The antagonist is the muscle that relaxes to allow the movement.
3
Which antagonistic pair works at the elbow, and what does each muscle do?
Model answer
The biceps and the triceps work as a pair at the elbow. The biceps flexes the elbow and the triceps extends it.
4
Which antagonistic pair works at the knee?
Model answer
The hamstring group and the quadriceps group work at the knee. The hamstrings flex the knee and the quadriceps extend it.
5
Which antagonistic pair works at the hip?
Model answer
The hip flexors and the gluteals work as a pair at the hip. The hip flexors flex the hip and the gluteals extend it.
6
Which two muscles work as a pair at the ankle?
Model answer
The gastrocnemius and the tibialis anterior work at the ankle. The gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion and the tibialis anterior causes dorsiflexion.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

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CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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