How can gender affect participation in sport?

Women and girls are generally less active than men and boys, and the gap widens in the teenage years. Stereotypes, less media coverage and fewer visible role models all contribute.

How can role models increase participation?

Successful performers inspire people who identify with them to try a sport. The England women's football team's Euro 2022 win raised interest in football among girls.

How can sexism and stereotyping reduce participation?

Some activities are wrongly seen as suitable for only one gender, such as netball for girls or rugby for boys. People may avoid a sport because of how others would judge them.

How can race, religion and culture affect participation?

Religious festivals and days of worship can clash with training or fixtures. Dress codes, single-sex requirements and a lack of role models from the same background can also affect participation.

How does age affect participation in sport?

Participation usually falls as people leave school and take on work and family commitments. Adapted activities such as walking football help older people stay active.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Socio-Cultural Influences

Engagement patterns and participation in sport

3 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

How gender, race, religion, culture, age, family, peers and disability affect participation, and factors such as role models, cost, media coverage and inclusive clubs.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What are engagement patterns, and how does gender affect them?

Numbers

How can role models raise participation, and how can stereotyping reduce it?

Key term

What is meant by an engagement pattern in sport?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is meant by an engagement pattern in sport?
Model answer
An engagement pattern is the trend in how often different social groups take part in physical activity and sport. Participation rates differ by gender, age, ethnicity and disability.
2
How can gender affect participation in sport?
Model answer
Women and girls are generally less active than men and boys, and the gap widens in the teenage years. Stereotypes, less media coverage and fewer visible role models all contribute.
3
How can role models increase participation?
Model answer
Successful performers inspire people who identify with them to try a sport. The England women's football team's Euro 2022 win raised interest in football among girls.
4
How can sexism and stereotyping reduce participation?
Model answer
Some activities are wrongly seen as suitable for only one gender, such as netball for girls or rugby for boys. People may avoid a sport because of how others would judge them.
5
How can race, religion and culture affect participation?
Model answer
Religious festivals and days of worship can clash with training or fixtures. Dress codes, single-sex requirements and a lack of role models from the same background can also affect participation.
6
How does age affect participation in sport?
Model answer
Participation usually falls as people leave school and take on work and family commitments. Adapted activities such as walking football help older people stay active.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

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