Why is mental preparation part of a warm up?

Mental preparation focuses the performer on the task and helps to control anxiety. A performer might picture a successful performance before starting.

How does a warm up affect body temperature, and why does this help performance?

A warm up raises body and muscle temperature. Warm muscles contract faster and more forcefully.

How does a warm up increase the range of movement?

The stretches in a warm up lengthen the muscles gradually. The joints can then move through a larger range without strain.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Physical Training

Warm up and cool down

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

The stages of a warm up and why each matters, how warm ups prevent injury, what a cool down includes, and warm ups designed for sprinters and goalkeepers.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

What are the stages of a warm up?

Key term

What is the purpose of the pulse raiser in a warm up?

Key term

Why are skill-based practices included in a warm up?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What are the stages of a warm up?
Model answer
A warm up starts with gradual pulse-raising activity, followed by stretching. Skill-based practices and mental preparation come last.
2
What is the purpose of the pulse raiser in a warm up?
Model answer
A pulse raiser, such as jogging, gradually increases heart rate and breathing rate. More oxygen then reaches the working muscles.
3
Why are skill-based practices included in a warm up?
Model answer
Skill-based practices rehearse the movements of the activity through their full range. A performer becomes familiar with the ball, equipment and conditions.
4
Why is mental preparation part of a warm up?
Model answer
Mental preparation focuses the performer on the task and helps to control anxiety. A performer might picture a successful performance before starting.
5
How does a warm up affect body temperature, and why does this help performance?
Model answer
A warm up raises body and muscle temperature. Warm muscles contract faster and more forcefully.
6
How does a warm up increase the range of movement?
Model answer
The stretches in a warm up lengthen the muscles gradually. The joints can then move through a larger range without strain.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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