Starting at the right ventricle, describe one complete circuit of the blood.

The right ventricle ejects blood into the pulmonary artery, to the lungs, then the pulmonary vein and left atrium. Blood passes to the left ventricle, the aorta, the body, the vena cava and the right atrium.

What is meant by diastole and systole?

Diastole is the phase when a chamber relaxes and fills with blood. Systole is the phase when a chamber contracts and ejects blood.

What makes the valves of the heart open and close?

Heart valves open when the blood pressure behind them is higher than the pressure in front. Valves close to prevent blood flowing backwards.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

The chambers of the heart, the pathway of blood, diastole and systole, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output with worked calculations, and heart rate graphs.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart, starting with deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium.

Key term

Describe the order of events in the cardiac cycle, starting with the chambers filling.

Key term

Name the four chambers of the heart, and say what the upper and lower chambers do.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Name the four chambers of the heart, and say what the upper and lower chambers do.
Model answer
The heart has a left and right atrium above a left and right ventricle. The atria receive blood and the ventricles pump it out of the heart.
2
Describe the pathway of blood through the heart, starting with deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium.
Model answer
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium and passes into the right ventricle. The pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. The pulmonary vein returns it to the left atrium, and the left ventricle ejects it into the aorta.
3
Starting at the right ventricle, describe one complete circuit of the blood.
Model answer
The right ventricle ejects blood into the pulmonary artery, to the lungs, then the pulmonary vein and left atrium. Blood passes to the left ventricle, the aorta, the body, the vena cava and the right atrium.
4
What is meant by diastole and systole?
Model answer
Diastole is the phase when a chamber relaxes and fills with blood. Systole is the phase when a chamber contracts and ejects blood.
5
Describe the order of events in the cardiac cycle, starting with the chambers filling.
Model answer
The atria and ventricles relax and fill with blood from the veins during diastole. The atria then contract, pushing blood into the ventricles. The ventricles contract in systole, ejecting blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
6
What makes the valves of the heart open and close?
Model answer
Heart valves open when the blood pressure behind them is higher than the pressure in front. Valves close to prevent blood flowing backwards.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

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CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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