Why does a sprinter keep panting after a 100 m race that lasted only seconds?

The sprinter ran anaerobically and built up an oxygen debt. The sprinter's breathing rate stays high after the race to take in the oxygen needed to remove lactic acid.

Why does heart rate stay raised for a while after vigorous exercise ends?

Heart rate stays raised to keep blood flowing quickly through the muscles. The blood delivers the extra oxygen needed to repay the oxygen debt.

Why would a marathon runner build up a smaller oxygen debt than a 400 m runner?

The marathon runner works mainly aerobically, so little lactic acid is produced. The 400 m runner works largely anaerobically and builds up far more lactic acid.

AQA GCSE Physical Education 8582

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and the functions of the skeleton Joints, joint actions, ligaments and tendons Muscles and antagonistic pairs The pathway of air and gaseous exchange Blood vessels The heart, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output Mechanics of breathing and spirometer traces Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Recovery from exercise and EPOC Short- and long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Joint movements in sporting actions Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness and exercise Components of fitness Fitness tests and their data Principles of training Types of training Training intensities and one rep max Injury prevention, altitude training and training seasons Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Analysing and evaluating data

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Information processing Types of guidance Types of feedback Arousal, the inverted-U theory and stress management Aggression, personality and motivation

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Engagement patterns and participation in sport Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media Impacts of sponsorship, the media and technology Etiquette, sportsmanship and gamesmanship Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping Spectator behaviour and hooliganism

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Sedentary lifestyles and obesity Somatotypes Energy use and a balanced diet Nutrients and hydration

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Recovery from exercise and EPOC

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

EPOC and the oxygen debt, why breathing and heart rate stay raised after exercise, and recovery methods including cool downs, rehydration, carbohydrates, ice baths and massage.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Give the full name of EPOC.

Key term

What is EPOC, also called the oxygen debt?

Key term

What causes an oxygen debt?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Give the full name of EPOC.
Model answer
EPOC stands for excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.
2
What is EPOC, also called the oxygen debt?
Model answer
EPOC is the extra oxygen used after exercise, above the amount normally used at rest. EPOC repays the oxygen debt built up during anaerobic work.
3
What causes an oxygen debt?
Model answer
An oxygen debt builds up when muscles work anaerobically during vigorous exercise. The anaerobic work produces lactic acid that must later be removed.
4
Why does a sprinter keep panting after a 100 m race that lasted only seconds?
Model answer
The sprinter ran anaerobically and built up an oxygen debt. The sprinter's breathing rate stays high after the race to take in the oxygen needed to remove lactic acid.
5
Why does heart rate stay raised for a while after vigorous exercise ends?
Model answer
Heart rate stays raised to keep blood flowing quickly through the muscles. The blood delivers the extra oxygen needed to repay the oxygen debt.
6
Why would a marathon runner build up a smaller oxygen debt than a 400 m runner?
Model answer
The marathon runner works mainly aerobically, so little lactic acid is produced. The 400 m runner works largely anaerobically and builds up far more lactic acid.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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The ribs and the form the chest.

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AThe aerobic training zone of a 20-year-old is 120–160 bpm.

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CThe zone runs from 0.6 × 200 = 120 bpm to 0.8 × 200 = 160 bpm.

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Tendon means tough tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

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