What is meant by coastal recession?

The steady landward retreat of the coastline as the sea erodes the cliff and removes material faster than it is replaced, measured as an average distance lost each year.

Give two consequences of rapid recession for people living on a retreating cliff top.

Homes and roads are lost or become unsafe, and the remaining properties may fall in value and become impossible to insure or sell.

How does a coastal flood affect people in a low-lying settlement?

Residents have to be evacuated and homes and businesses are damaged, while roads, power and water supplies are cut off until the water drains away.

Edexcel GCSE Geography A 1GA0

Changing Cities

Topic overview Global urbanisation trends and rates The UK’s urban population and why urbanisation varies by region The chosen UK city: site, situation, connectivity and structure Urbanisation, suburbanisation and migration in the chosen UK city Population change and deindustrialisation in the chosen UK city Inequality and changes in retailing in the chosen UK city Making the chosen UK city more sustainable The chosen developing or emerging city: site, situation and structure Population growth and migration in the chosen developing or emerging city Inequality and quality of life in the chosen developing or emerging city Rapid urbanisation: challenges, and bottom-up and top-down responses Government policy and quality of life in the chosen city

Coastal Landscapes and ProcessesLandscape option

Topic overview Coastal processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and deposition Geology, wave type and UK weather at the coast Coastal landforms of erosion and deposition Coastal recession, flooding and coastal defences A named distinctive coastal landscape in the UK

Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Management

Topic overview The world’s large-scale ecosystems and what controls their distribution The biosphere as a resource, and its commercial exploitation UK terrestrial and marine ecosystems Tropical rainforest characteristics and the nutrient cycle Rainforest biodiversity and plant and animal adaptations Rainforest goods and services, and the causes of deforestation Sustainable management of a named rainforest Deciduous woodland characteristics and the nutrient cycle Woodland biodiversity and plant and animal adaptations Woodland goods and services, and the causes of deforestation Sustainable management of a named deciduous woodland

Energy Resource ManagementResource option

Topic overview Renewable and non-renewable energy resources compared The UK’s energy mix and why energy mixes vary Rising energy demand and the development of non-renewables Developing renewables, and fracking Stakeholder attitudes to energy Sustainable management of energy resources

Geographical Investigations – Fieldwork

Topic overview River fieldwork: enquiry questions, methods and secondary data Coastal fieldwork: enquiry questions, methods and secondary data Urban fieldwork: enquiry questions and methods Urban fieldwork: secondary data sources Rural fieldwork: enquiry questions and methods Rural fieldwork: secondary data sources The enquiry process: asking questions and choosing methods The enquiry process: presenting, analysing and concluding The enquiry process: evaluating fieldwork

Geographical Investigations − UK Challenges

Topic overview The UK’s resource consumption and sustainability challenge The UK’s settlement, population and economic challenges The UK’s landscape challenges: National Parks and flood risk The UK’s climate change challenges

Geographical Skills

Topic overview Atlas and map skills: distributions, patterns and sketch maps Describing the site, situation and shape of settlements Interpreting diagrams, sketches and photographs Using online census sources Hypotheses, sampling and risk assessment Collecting, recording and presenting data Writing about findings and building an argument

Glaciated Upland Landscapes and ProcessesLandscape option

Topic overview Glacial processes and the processes at work on relict landscapes today Past climate and present UK weather in glaciated uplands Glacial landforms of erosion and deposition Crag and tail, and drumlins Human activity and development in glaciated uplands A named distinctive glaciated upland landscape in the UK

Global Development

Topic overview Defining and measuring development The global pattern of development and why it is uneven The consequences of uneven development for quality of life Strategies to reduce uneven development: aid, top-down and bottom-up The chosen country: location, context and internal unevenness Economic change, trade, aid and investment in the chosen country Population and social change in the chosen country Geopolitics and technology in the chosen country The impacts of rapid development and how they are managed

Mathematics and Statistics Skills

Topic overview Cartographic skills: contours, transects, scale and distance Using GIS and geo-spatial data Choosing, constructing and interpreting graphs and charts Numerical skills: number, scale, proportion and ratio Drawing conclusions from numerical data Statistical skills: averages, spread, percentages and correlation Spotting weaknesses in how data is presented

Resource Management

Topic overview What natural resources are, and how people exploit them How exploitation changes environments The distribution and consumption of food, energy and water

River Landscapes and ProcessesLandscape option

Topic overview River processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and deposition The long profile of a river and the effect of UK weather River landforms from source to mouth Land use, flood risk and river defences A named distinctive river landscape in the UK

The Changing Landscapes of the UK

Topic overview The UK’s rock types and geology How the UK’s upland and lowland landscapes were formed

Water Resource ManagementResource option

Topic overview The global distribution of fresh water, and water surplus and deficit Changing water supply and demand How water use differs between countries Water supply problems in the UK and in developing countries Stakeholder attitudes to water, and desalination Sustainable management of water resources

Weather Hazards and Climate Change

Topic overview Global atmospheric circulation and the transfer of heat Natural climate change and the evidence for it The enhanced greenhouse effect and the effects of climate change The climate of the UK and how it varies How tropical cyclones form, and where they occur Why tropical cyclones are hazardous, and their impacts Responses to tropical cyclones The causes of drought and why some places are more vulnerable The impacts of drought and responses to it

Coastal Landscapes and Processes

Coastal recession, flooding and coastal defences

3 things to know
Paper 1 section A

Overview

How building, farming and industry alter the coast, coastal recession and flooding and their effects on people and the environment, hard and soft engineering, sea walls, groynes, rip rap, beach nourishment and managed retreat, and how defences reshape the coastline.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

How has building on the coast changed the way coastal landscapes work?

Key term

How does farming close to the coast make cliffs less stable?

Key term

Give two ways industry alters a coastal landscape.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
How has building on the coast changed the way coastal landscapes work?
Model answer
Homes, roads and promenades cover the land in hard surfaces, remove the natural dune and marsh buffer, and lead to defences that stop sediment moving freely along the shore.
2
How does farming close to the coast make cliffs less stable?
Model answer
Ploughing and removing hedges loosens the soil and takes away binding roots, and irrigation adds water to the cliff top, so the material slumps more easily.
3
Give two ways industry alters a coastal landscape.
Model answer
Ports, docks and quarries clear and reshape the shoreline, and dredging a deep channel for shipping removes sediment that would otherwise feed the beaches.
4
What is meant by coastal recession?
Model answer
The steady landward retreat of the coastline as the sea erodes the cliff and removes material faster than it is replaced, measured as an average distance lost each year.
5
Give two consequences of rapid recession for people living on a retreating cliff top.
Model answer
Homes and roads are lost or become unsafe, and the remaining properties may fall in value and become impossible to insure or sell.
6
How does a coastal flood affect people in a low-lying settlement?
Model answer
Residents have to be evacuated and homes and businesses are damaged, while roads, power and water supplies are cut off until the water drains away.

See the rest and revise

Other ways to work this

The same content, four other ways.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

1Closed book

2Open book

3Closed book

The 3-step method, run for you

Answer cold, learn it, then prove it stuck. Levo tracks the jump between your first attempt and your last.

Changing Cities

Coastal Landscapes and Processes

Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Management

Energy Resource Management

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

Sort every topic into what you know and what you do not, then drill only the weak ones.

Once every years.

tenfivetwo

Blank Blitz makes facts automatic

Rapid timed gap-fills on the terms and numbers you need to recall without thinking.

ALess reliable rainfall slows both growth and decay.

BNutrients sit unused in litter.

CViolent storms wash more of them away in run-off.

Build It gets the exam shape right

Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Label means a word that only names a feature.

TrueFalse

Test It catches misconceptions

Spot the fault in a statement. The traps are the mistakes students actually make.

721941163128510

Brain Breaks between sessions

Short focus games to reset attention, so the next set lands better than the last.

Every question in Coastal Landscapes and Processes, on a schedule.

Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.

Start revising, £5 a month See how the method works

Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.