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Water Resource Management

The global distribution of fresh water, and water surplus and deficit

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2 section C

Overview

How much of Earth's water is fresh and where it is stored, which climates have reliable supplies, regional and local differences, water surplus and deficit, economic against physical scarcity, and what water stress is and where UK and world maps show it.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Why does surface fresh water matter, which climate zones have reliable supplies, and why do some regions and deserts face deficits?

Key term

Where is most of the world's fresh water held?

Key term

Why is the amount of fresh water in rivers and lakes so important despite being tiny?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What share of all the water on Earth is salty ocean water?

    Model answer

    About 97%, which leaves only around 3% of the planet's water as fresh water.

  2. 2

    Where is most of the world's fresh water held?

    Model answer

    Roughly two thirds of it is frozen in ice sheets and glaciers, and almost all of the rest is groundwater stored in rocks.

  3. 3

    Why is the amount of fresh water in rivers and lakes so important despite being tiny?

    Model answer

    Surface fresh water is well under 1% of all water, yet it is the store people can most easily reach and use.

  4. 4

    Which climate zones have the most reliable natural supplies of fresh water?

    Model answer

    Equatorial and temperate maritime zones, because rainfall is high through the year and rivers keep flowing.

  5. 5

    Give one way water availability can differ from one region of a country to another.

    Model answer

    Wet uplands may have far more water than they need while a drier, heavily populated lowland region cannot meet its own demand.

  6. 6

    At a local scale, why might one village have plenty of water while a nearby one has very little?

    Model answer

    One may sit beside a river or over a permeable rock that holds groundwater, or be connected to a piped mains supply, while the other is not.

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