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Mathematics and Statistics Skills

Numerical skills: number, scale, proportion and ratio

  • 3 things to know
  • All three papers

Overview

Units of length and area, map scale, checking units, data collection sheets, accuracy and reliability, sample size, systematic and random choice of sites, control groups, flood return periods, magnitude against frequency, and logarithmic scales.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started
Numbers

How many metres are there in a kilometre, and how many square metres in a hectare?

Key term

A rectangular field measures 20 m by 15 m. What is its area?

Key term

What does a scale of 1:25 000 mean, and what does one centimetre represent on such a map?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How many metres are there in a kilometre, and how many square metres in a hectare?

    Model answer

    A thousand metres make a kilometre, and a hectare is 10 000 m², since it is a square of 100 m by 100 m.

  2. 2

    A rectangular field measures 20 m by 15 m. What is its area?

    Model answer

    300 m², found by multiplying the length by the width.

  3. 3

    What does a scale of 1:25 000 mean, and what does one centimetre represent on such a map?

    Model answer

    One unit on the paper stands for 25 000 of the same units on the ground, so a centimetre represents 250 m.

  4. 4

    Why must the units be checked before two measurements are compared?

    Model answer

    Because a figure in metres and one in kilometres are a thousand times apart, so comparing them as they stand gives an answer wrong by that factor.

  5. 5

    What is a data collection sheet?

    Model answer

    A recording form prepared in advance with a space for every measurement, so each reading is written down in the same way each time.

  6. 6

    What does accuracy mean when taking a measurement outdoors?

    Model answer

    How close the reading is to the true value, which depends on choosing a suitable instrument and reading it properly.

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