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Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Management

Woodland goods and services, and the causes of deforestation

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Hardwood timber, fuel and coppicing, conservation and recreation value, how milder winters, pests, drier summers and storms threaten woodland, and how urban growth, population, timber extraction and farming clear it.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Which timbers come from deciduous woodland, and what are they used for?

Key term

How is deciduous woodland used to supply fuel?

Key term

How could milder winters upset a deciduous woodland?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which timbers come from deciduous woodland, and what are they used for?

    Model answer

    Hardwoods such as oak, ash and beech, used for furniture, flooring, fencing and construction.

  2. 2

    How is deciduous woodland used to supply fuel?

    Model answer

    Wood is cut for logs and charcoal and chipped for biomass boilers, and coppiced stools give repeated crops of poles from the same trees.

  3. 3

    What is coppicing?

    Model answer

    Cutting a broadleaved tree back to its base so that many new shoots grow from the stump, ready to be harvested again after a few years.

  4. 4

    What conservation benefits does a deciduous woodland give?

    Model answer

    It shelters native wildlife, stores carbon, binds soil on slopes and slows run-off, which reduces flood risk downstream.

  5. 5

    How is deciduous woodland used for recreation?

    Model answer

    For walking, cycling, mountain biking, camping and wildlife watching, which matters most where woodland lies close to towns and cities.

  6. 6

    Why can a woodland near a city be worth more than the timber standing in it?

    Model answer

    Because the recreation, shade, cleaner air and wellbeing it gives to very large numbers of people are worth more than the wood would fetch.

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