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Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes

Past climate and present UK weather in glaciated uplands

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1 section A

Overview

Why UK uplands hold glacial landforms but no glaciers, what happened as the ice melted, diurnal and seasonal variation in weather, when freeze-thaw is most active, and how heavy rain, relief rainfall and snowmelt drive mass movement and erosion.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What happened to upland ice as the climate warmed, and how do daily and seasonal changes in weather work on the landscape left behind?

Key term

Why do UK uplands contain glacial landforms when there are no glaciers there today?

Key term

What happened to the ice in the UK uplands as the climate warmed at the end of the last cold period?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Why do UK uplands contain glacial landforms when there are no glaciers there today?

    Model answer

    The climate in the past was far colder, so ice sheets and valley glaciers built up over the uplands and eroded the landscape we now see.

  2. 2

    What happened to the ice in the UK uplands as the climate warmed at the end of the last cold period?

    Model answer

    The glaciers melted and retreated, dumping the material they carried and leaving their landforms exposed to weathering and mass movement.

  3. 3

    What is meant by a diurnal variation in weather?

    Model answer

    A change in conditions, especially temperature, between day and night.

  4. 4

    What is meant by a seasonal variation in weather?

    Model answer

    A change in weather conditions through the year, such as the difference between cold, wet winters and milder summers.

  5. 5

    How do day to night temperature changes speed up the breakdown of upland rock?

    Model answer

    Water melting during the day and freezing again at night repeats the freeze thaw cycle, so cracks are widened more often.

  6. 6

    At which time of year is freeze thaw most active in UK uplands, and why?

    Model answer

    Winter and early spring, because temperatures cross 0°C most frequently then, giving the greatest number of freeze thaw cycles.

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