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Global Development

Population and social change in the chosen country

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

How population structure, life expectancy and birth rates change with development, the problems of an ageing population, the dependency ratio, a growing middle class and its effect on the economy, rising inequality, and the value of schooling and of educating girls.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

How does a country's population structure change over thirty years of rapid development?

Key term

Why does life expectancy rise as a country develops?

Key term

Why do birth rates fall as a country becomes wealthier?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How does a country's population structure change over thirty years of rapid development?

    Model answer

    The share of children falls as birth rates drop, while the shares of working-age adults and of older people both rise.

  2. 2

    Why does life expectancy rise as a country develops?

    Model answer

    Better food, clean water, sanitation, vaccination and medical care mean far fewer people die young of preventable disease.

  3. 3

    Why do birth rates fall as a country becomes wealthier?

    Model answer

    More children survive infancy, women stay in education and paid work for longer, and contraception becomes widely available.

  4. 4

    What problems does a rising share of elderly people create for a country?

    Model answer

    Pensions and healthcare cost far more while a smaller proportion of the population is working and paying tax.

  5. 5

    What is the dependency ratio?

    Model answer

    The number of people too young or too old to work compared with the number of working age.

  6. 6

    What is meant by a growing middle class in an emerging country?

    Model answer

    A rising number of households with enough income for consumer goods, private schooling, healthcare and travel.

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