Key term
Edexcel GCSE Geography A 1GA0
Changing Cities
Topic overviewGlobal urbanisation trends and ratesThe UK’s urban population and why urbanisation varies by regionThe chosen UK city: site, situation, connectivity and structureUrbanisation, suburbanisation and migration in the chosen UK cityPopulation change and deindustrialisation in the chosen UK cityInequality and changes in retailing in the chosen UK cityMaking the chosen UK city more sustainableThe chosen developing or emerging city: site, situation and structurePopulation growth and migration in the chosen developing or emerging cityInequality and quality of life in the chosen developing or emerging cityRapid urbanisation: challenges, and bottom-up and top-down responsesGovernment policy and quality of life in the chosen city
Coastal Landscapes and ProcessesLandscape option
Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Management
Topic overviewThe world’s large-scale ecosystems and what controls their distributionThe biosphere as a resource, and its commercial exploitationUK terrestrial and marine ecosystemsTropical rainforest characteristics and the nutrient cycleRainforest biodiversity and plant and animal adaptationsRainforest goods and services, and the causes of deforestationSustainable management of a named rainforestDeciduous woodland characteristics and the nutrient cycleWoodland biodiversity and plant and animal adaptationsWoodland goods and services, and the causes of deforestationSustainable management of a named deciduous woodland
Energy Resource ManagementResource option
Geographical Investigations – Fieldwork
Topic overviewRiver fieldwork: enquiry questions, methods and secondary dataCoastal fieldwork: enquiry questions, methods and secondary dataUrban fieldwork: enquiry questions and methodsUrban fieldwork: secondary data sourcesRural fieldwork: enquiry questions and methodsRural fieldwork: secondary data sourcesThe enquiry process: asking questions and choosing methodsThe enquiry process: presenting, analysing and concludingThe enquiry process: evaluating fieldwork
Geographical Investigations − UK Challenges
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewAtlas and map skills: distributions, patterns and sketch mapsDescribing the site, situation and shape of settlementsInterpreting diagrams, sketches and photographsUsing online census sourcesHypotheses, sampling and risk assessmentCollecting, recording and presenting dataWriting about findings and building an argument
Glaciated Upland Landscapes and ProcessesLandscape option
Topic overviewGlacial processes and the processes at work on relict landscapes todayPast climate and present UK weather in glaciated uplandsGlacial landforms of erosion and depositionCrag and tail, and drumlinsHuman activity and development in glaciated uplandsA named distinctive glaciated upland landscape in the UK
Global Development
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development and why it is unevenThe consequences of uneven development for quality of lifeStrategies to reduce uneven development: aid, top-down and bottom-upThe chosen country: location, context and internal unevennessEconomic change, trade, aid and investment in the chosen countryPopulation and social change in the chosen countryGeopolitics and technology in the chosen countryThe impacts of rapid development and how they are managed
Mathematics and Statistics Skills
Topic overviewCartographic skills: contours, transects, scale and distanceUsing GIS and geo-spatial dataChoosing, constructing and interpreting graphs and chartsNumerical skills: number, scale, proportion and ratioDrawing conclusions from numerical dataStatistical skills: averages, spread, percentages and correlationSpotting weaknesses in how data is presented
Resource Management
River Landscapes and ProcessesLandscape option
The Changing Landscapes of the UK
Water Resource ManagementResource option
Topic overviewThe global distribution of fresh water, and water surplus and deficitChanging water supply and demandHow water use differs between countriesWater supply problems in the UK and in developing countriesStakeholder attitudes to water, and desalinationSustainable management of water resources
Weather Hazards and Climate Change
Topic overviewGlobal atmospheric circulation and the transfer of heatNatural climate change and the evidence for itThe enhanced greenhouse effect and the effects of climate changeThe climate of the UK and how it variesHow tropical cyclones form, and where they occurWhy tropical cyclones are hazardous, and their impactsResponses to tropical cyclonesThe causes of drought and why some places are more vulnerableThe impacts of drought and responses to it
Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes
- 6 subtopics
- 18 things to know
- Paper 1 section A
- Paper 1 section A, two of the three UK landscapes
What Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes covers
Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes is examined in Paper 1, The Physical Environment. It covers glacial processes and the processes at work on relict landscapes today, past climate and present UK weather in glaciated uplands, glacial landforms of erosion and deposition, crag and tail, and drumlins, human activity and development in glaciated uplands and a named distinctive glaciated upland landscape in the UK.
Where it is assessed
Paper 1 section A
The Physical Environment: two of the three UK landscapes.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 6 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Glacial processes and the processes at work on relict landscapes todayPlucking and abrasion and the surfaces they leave, how glaciers carry and deposit material, relict landscapes, mechanical weathering and freeze-thaw, scree, mass movement, soil creep, and the difference between a rock slide and a rock fall.Open →
- Past climate and present UK weather in glaciated uplandsWhy UK uplands hold glacial landforms but no glaciers, what happened as the ice melted, diurnal and seasonal variation in weather, when freeze-thaw is most active, and how heavy rain, relief rainfall and snowmelt drive mass movement and erosion.Open →
- Glacial landforms of erosion and depositionCorries, arêtes, tarns, glacial troughs, truncated spurs, hanging valleys, roches moutonnées and what they show of ice direction, ground and terminal moraine, and how corries, arêtes and glacial troughs are recognised on OS maps.Open →
- Crag and tail, and drumlinsWhat a crag and tail is, how erosion and deposition combine to form it and why material collects in the tail, what drumlins are made of and how their shape shows ice direction, why they occur in swarms, and how they differ from crag and tail.Open →
- Human activity and development in glaciated uplandsHow grazing, conifer plantations and felling alter soil, runoff and slope stability, why settlements sit on valley floors, reservoirs, hydroelectric power and wind farms, and the benefits and damage of tourism and conservation.Open →
- A named distinctive glaciated upland landscape in the UKWhy position matters to a glaciated upland, the karst, igneous and metamorphic rocks beneath the UK's uplands, the glacial and later processes that shaped it, and the physical and human influences changing it today.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What happened to upland ice as the climate warmed, and how do daily and seasonal changes in weather work on the landscape left behind?
Key term
How do the shapes of a crag and tail and a drumlin record the direction of ice flow, and how do the two differ?
Key term
Why does abrasion leave rock surfaces smoothed and finely scratched?
Key term
Why do UK uplands contain glacial landforms when there are no glaciers there today?
Process
What is a corrie and how is one formed?
Key term
What is an arête?
Key term
What is a crag and tail?
Key term
How does sheep grazing on upland slopes affect the soil?
Key term
How does planting a conifer plantation change the movement of water through an upland?
Key term
What three things should you be able to say about the distinctive glaciated upland you have studied?
Key term
Which three broad kinds of rock underlie the UK's distinctive glaciated uplands?
Key term
What causes a glacier to deposit the load it is carrying?
Key term
What happened to the ice in the UK uplands as the climate warmed at the end of the last cold period?
Key term
What is a tarn, and why does water stay in it?
Process
Which two contrasting processes combine to produce a crag and tail?
Key term
What happens to slope stability when a plantation is felled?
Key term
What is karst scenery?
Take Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Plucking vs Abrasion
Plucking: meltwater freezing onto bedrock so moving ice tears loose blocks away. Abrasion: rock fragments frozen into the ice scraping and grinding the bedrock.
Corrie vs Tarn
Corrie: an armchair-shaped hollow high on a mountainside cut by rotating ice. Tarn: a small lake held in a hollow behind a rock lip after the ice has gone.
Drumlin vs Crag and tail
Drumlin: a smooth egg-shaped hill made entirely of deposited till. Crag and tail: a steep resistant rock mass with a gentle ridge of deposits trailing behind it.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is plucking?
Model answer
Meltwater at the base of a glacier freezes onto the bedrock, so that as the ice moves forward it tears loose blocks of rock away with it.
- 2
What is abrasion?
Model answer
Rock fragments frozen into the base and sides of a glacier scrape and grind against the bedrock as the ice moves over it.
- 3
Why does abrasion leave rock surfaces smoothed and finely scratched?
Model answer
The debris held in the ice acts like sandpaper, polishing the bedrock and cutting long scratches called striations into it.
- 4
Why does plucking leave a jagged, broken rock face?
Model answer
Because whole blocks are ripped out along existing cracks and joints, leaving an uneven, angular surface behind.
- 5
In which three positions does a glacier carry the material it has picked up?
Model answer
On the surface of the ice, inside the body of the ice, and dragged along underneath it at the base.
- 6
What causes a glacier to deposit the load it is carrying?
Model answer
Melting, because ice that is thinning or retreating no longer has the energy to move its load and simply drops it.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes revision questions
- What does Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes cover in Edexcel GCSE Geography A?
- 6 subtopics: glacial processes and the processes at work on relict landscapes today, past climate and present uk weather in glaciated uplands, glacial landforms of erosion and deposition, crag and tail, and drumlins, human activity and development in glaciated uplands and a named distinctive glaciated upland landscape in the uk. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes organised?
- By the Edexcel 1GA0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Glaciated Upland Landscapes and Processes, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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