What is cultural nationalism?

Cultural nationalism is the belief that a nation is defined above all by a shared culture, that is by its language, religion, history, traditions and attachment to a homeland, together with the movement to protect, revive and promote that culture. It may be purely cultural, aiming at language survival, heritage and recognition, or it may become political, supporting devolution, autonomy or independence for the territory the nation claims.

Explain how cultural nationalism is expressed.

Through language: campaigns for official status, language-medium education, broadcasting and bilingual signage. Through symbols: flags, emblems, anthems, colours and sporting representation. Through memory: commemorations, parades, monuments, museums and the naming or renaming of streets and places. Through institutions: cultural organisations, language boards, arts funding and community festivals. Through politics: parties and campaigns for devolved powers or independence, and demands for the recognition of the group in law. And through everyday practice, such as choosing a name for a child, a school for a family or a sports club to support.

Why does language so often become the focus of cultural nationalism?

Because it is the most everyday and most teachable marker of identity, it is visible and audible in public space, and its decline can be measured, which makes it a rallying point. It is also the marker most open to policy: governments can grant official status, fund language-medium schools, require bilingual signage and support broadcasting. That makes language both a genuine cultural cause and a practical political demand, and it means language policy often becomes the arena in which wider questions of identity are argued out.

How does cultural nationalism appear in the landscape?

In bilingual or minority-language signage and place names; in flags flown from lamp posts and buildings; in murals, painted kerbs and gable-end art; in memorials, statues and commemorative gardens; in restored heritage buildings, castles and historic sites presented as national symbols; in the naming of new estates, streets and schools; and in the designation of landscapes as national parks or heritage sites which are then presented as part of the national inheritance.

CCEA A-Level Geography 3910

Processes That Shape Fluvial Environments

Topic overview The drainage basin as an open system Storm hydrographs Factors influencing storm hydrographs Annual hydrographs and river regimes River erosion and transportation Deposition and the Hjulstrom curve Erosional and mixed river landforms Depositional river landforms

Human Interaction in Fluvial Environments

Topic overview Why rivers are channelised, and the methods used Environmentally sensitive and sustainable river management The causes of river flooding The effects of flooding on people, property and land

Global Biomes

Topic overview The global distribution of biomes The tundra biome: climate and soils The temperate grassland biome: climate and soils Climate change and tundra ecosystems

Small-Scale Ecosystems

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Data Collection

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Data Processing

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Coastal Management and SustainabilityCoastal

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Current Global Climate Change: Human Causes and ImpactsClimate

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Managing Global Climate ChangeClimate

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Cultural Groups, Social Inequality and LandscapeCultural

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Urban Design, Planning and Management for SustainabilityPlanning

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Traffic and TransportPlanning

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Ethnic ConflictEthnic

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Cultural Groups, Social Inequality and Landscape

Cultural nationalism and its expression

3 things to know
Unit A2 2

Overview

Cultural nationalism and nation and a state.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Distinguish between a nation and a state.

Evaluation

Why can cultural nationalism strengthen as a response to globalisation?

Key term

Distinguish between cultural nationalism and civic nationalism.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is cultural nationalism?
Model answer
Cultural nationalism is the belief that a nation is defined above all by a shared culture, that is by its language, religion, history, traditions and attachment to a homeland, together with the movement to protect, revive and promote that culture. It may be purely cultural, aiming at language survival, heritage and recognition, or it may become political, supporting devolution, autonomy or independence for the territory the nation claims.
2
Distinguish between a nation and a state.
Model answer
A nation is a group of people who see themselves as belonging together on the basis of shared culture, history and identity, and who usually associate themselves with a homeland. A state is a political unit with defined borders, a permanent population and a sovereign government recognised by other states. A nation-state exists where the two roughly coincide. Many states are multinational, containing several nations, and some nations are stateless, spread across the borders of several states.
3
Explain how cultural nationalism is expressed.
Model answer
Through language: campaigns for official status, language-medium education, broadcasting and bilingual signage. Through symbols: flags, emblems, anthems, colours and sporting representation. Through memory: commemorations, parades, monuments, museums and the naming or renaming of streets and places. Through institutions: cultural organisations, language boards, arts funding and community festivals. Through politics: parties and campaigns for devolved powers or independence, and demands for the recognition of the group in law. And through everyday practice, such as choosing a name for a child, a school for a family or a sports club to support.
4
Why does language so often become the focus of cultural nationalism?
Model answer
Because it is the most everyday and most teachable marker of identity, it is visible and audible in public space, and its decline can be measured, which makes it a rallying point. It is also the marker most open to policy: governments can grant official status, fund language-medium schools, require bilingual signage and support broadcasting. That makes language both a genuine cultural cause and a practical political demand, and it means language policy often becomes the arena in which wider questions of identity are argued out.
5
How does cultural nationalism appear in the landscape?
Model answer
In bilingual or minority-language signage and place names; in flags flown from lamp posts and buildings; in murals, painted kerbs and gable-end art; in memorials, statues and commemorative gardens; in restored heritage buildings, castles and historic sites presented as national symbols; in the naming of new estates, streets and schools; and in the designation of landscapes as national parks or heritage sites which are then presented as part of the national inheritance.
6
Why can cultural nationalism strengthen as a response to globalisation?
Model answer
Because globalisation increases the flow of goods, media, capital and people, and some people experience that as a threat: the perceived spread of a homogenised international culture, the decline of a local language, the loss of traditional industries and ways of life, and rapid change in the composition of a neighbourhood. Reasserting local or national identity is a response to that sense of loss of control. This is one explanation offered for the coexistence of intensifying globalisation with the strengthening of regional and national movements, and it operates alongside more straightforwardly political causes such as devolution and economic grievance.

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AChildren grow up among co-ethnic peers.

BThe heritage language remains in daily use.

CMarriage partners are met within the group.

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