Key term
CCEA AS-Level History 4010
England 1509–58AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Church in England on the eve of the ReformationCriticism of the Church and the early reformersHenry VIII, Catherine of Aragon and the case for annulmentThe struggle for the divorce and the men who shaped itThe Reformation Parliament and the break with RomeOpposition to religious changeThe dissolution of the monasteriesThe Pilgrimage of GraceGovernment under Somerset and NorthumberlandRebellion in 1549: the Western Rising and Kett's rebellionMary I, female monarchy and the succession crisesWyatt's rebellionThe Edwardian religious reforms 1547–53The Marian restoration and the persecutionsEconomic and social problems of the period
England 1603–49AS Unit 1
Topic overviewJames I's Elizabethan inheritanceJames I, the Church of England and the PuritansJames I, the Catholics and the Gunpowder PlotThe financial problems of James IThe foreign policy of James IRoyal favourites and the politics of the courtCharles I, war and Parliament 1625–29The decision to rule without ParliamentFinancing the Personal RuleLaudianism and religious reform in the 1630sThe court culture of Charles IScotland, Ireland and the collapse of the Personal RuleThe Long Parliament and the outbreak of war 1640–42The campaigns and battles of the Civil WarWhy Parliament won the Civil WarThe search for a settlement 1646–49Radicalism, the Levellers and the ArmyThe regicide and the birth of the Commonwealth
Britain in the Age of Reform 1830–80AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe case for and against parliamentary reformThe passing of the Reform Act 1830–32The terms and consequences of the Reform ActThe Whig reforms of the 1830s and the impulse behind themThe New Poor Law of 1834The rise of ChartismThe People's Charter, Lovett and O'ConnorChartist methods and the reasons for failureThe Anti-Corn Law LeaguePeel and the making of the Conservative PartyPeel's ministry 1841–46The repeal of the Corn Laws and the split of 1846Disraeli and Tory DemocracyThe Second Reform Act of 1867Disraeli's ministry 1874–80Gladstone from Peelite to LiberalGladstone's first ministry 1868–74Gladstone and Disraeli as leaders
Italy and Germany 1815–71AS Unit 1
Topic overviewGerman nationalism, liberalism and cultural revival 1815–48Economic change, the Zollverein and Prussian prosperityThe 1848 revolutions in the German statesThe Frankfurt Parliament and the reasons for its failureOlmütz, army reform and the Prussian constitutional crisisBismarck's aims, methods and the debate about his roleSchleswig-Holstein and the Austro-Prussian WarThe North German Confederation and the southern German statesThe Franco-Prussian War and the proclamation of the German EmpireThe international climate and why Germany was unifiedItalian nationalism, culture and the ideas of the RisorgimentoThe 1848–49 revolutions in Italy and their failurePiedmont, Cavour's reforms and the war of 1859Garibaldi, the Thousand and his relations with CavourThe Papal States, Rome and why Italy was unified
Germany 1919–45AS Unit 1
Topic overviewThe Weimar Constitution and the Treaty of VersaillesPolitical threats from left and right 1919–23Reparations, the Ruhr and the hyperinflation of 1923The Weimar economy 1924–29Stresemann's foreign policy and the 'golden years'The Nazi Party from the Munich putsch to 1929The Wall Street Crash and the end of parliamentary governmentThe Nazi electoral breakthrough and Hitler's appointment as ChancellorThe creation of the Nazi dictatorship 1933–34Anti-Semitism and persecution 1933–39Youth, women and the churches 1933–39Schacht, Göring and the Nazi economy 1933–39Culture, the arts and the media in the Third ReichThe war economy: Todt, Speer and total warThe home front: rationing, bombing, labour and moraleOpposition and resistance in wartimeThe Holocaust: ghettos, Barbarossa, Wannsee and genocide
Spain and Europe 1556–98AS Unit 2
Topic overviewSpain in 1556 and the legacy of Charles VPhilip II's kingship and working methodsConciliar government, faction and the Pérez affairThe revolts of the Moriscos and of AragonThe Spanish economy in 1556 and the king's revenuesAgriculture, industry and commerce 1556–98Bullion, debt, inflation and the royal bankruptciesThe Spanish Church, Tridentine reform and the papacyThe Inquisition, Conversos, Jews and ProtestantsThe Spanish Empire and the aims of Philip II's foreign policyFrance, from Cateau-Cambrésis to VervinsThe Mediterranean war with the Turks and the annexation of PortugalThe Netherlands and the Dutch RevoltEngland, the sea dogs and the ArmadaPhilip II's Spain in 1598
The Ascendancy of France in Europe 1660–1714AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe foundations of French power under Louis XIVThe War of Devolution 1667–68The Dutch War 1672–78 and the Treaties of NijmegenThe Reunions and the Truce of RatisbonThe League of Augsburg and the alarm of EuropeThe Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the quarrel with RomeThe Cologne incident and the outbreak of the Nine Years' WarFrench successes in the Nine Years' WarAllied successes and the stalemate of the Nine Years' WarThe Peace of Ryswick 1697The Partition Treaties and the Spanish succession problemLouis XIV's acceptance of the will and the road to warMarlborough and the great battles of the warWhy the Grand Alliance won and France failedUtrecht, Rastatt and Europe after 1714
Ireland 1823–67AS Unit 2
Topic overviewO'Connell and the Catholic AssociationThe Clare election and Catholic EmancipationThe impact of Emancipation and the Tithe WarThe Lichfield House CompactThe Repeal Association and the monster meetingsClontarf and the failure of RepealPeel's Irish reformsYoung Ireland and the split with O'ConnellThe rising of 1848The long-term causes of the FamineThe course and extent of the FaminePeel, Russell and famine relief 1845–49The consequences of the Famine to 1867The origins, leadership and aims of the FeniansThe Fenian Rising of 1867
France 1815–70AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe restoration of the Bourbons and the Charter of 1814Louis XVIII: the White Terror, moderation and the turn to the rightCharles X, the ultras and the ChurchEconomy, society and culture in France 1815–48The July revolution of 1830 and the fall of Charles XLouis Philippe, Guizot and the bourgeois monarchyOpposition to Louis PhilippeLouis Philippe's foreign policyThe banquet campaign and the February revolution of 1848The Second Republic: the National Workshops and the June DaysThe presidency of Louis Napoleon 1848–51The coup of 1851 and the making of the Second EmpireThe authoritarian Empire and its liberalisationEconomic modernisation, Haussmann's Paris and social changeNapoleon III's foreign policy and the collapse of 1870
Russia 1914–41AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe impact of the First World War on RussiaNicholas II, the Tsarina and RasputinThe February Revolution and the abdication of the TsarThe Provisional Government, the Petrograd Soviet and dual authorityLenin, the April Theses and the road to OctoberThe October Revolution and the consolidation of Bolshevik powerThe Civil War and the Bolshevik victory 1918–21Lenin's economic policies 1917–24Society and culture under LeninThe struggle to succeed Lenin 1924–29Collectivisation and the peasantryIndustrialisation and the Five Year PlansThe social impact of Stalin's economic policiesTerror and the purges 1934–39Culture, propaganda and the cult of personality
Italy's Quest for Great Power Status 1871–1943AS Unit 2
Topic overviewThe aims and challenges of Italian foreign policy after 1871Colonisation in Africa: Tunisia, Eritrea, Abyssinia and LibyaThe Triple Alliance and relations with the Great PowersGiolitti and Italy's internal divisionsFrom neutrality to intervention 1914–15Italy's war 1915–18 and its impact at homeThe mutilated victory, the peace settlement and FiumeThe crisis of the Liberal state and the Biennio RossoThe rise of the Fascist movement 1919–22The March on Rome and Mussolini's appointmentThe consolidation of Fascist power 1922–26The aims of Fascist foreign policy and the years 1922–34Abyssinia and the Spanish Civil WarItaly, Germany and the road to war 1935–40Defeat and the fall of Mussolini 1940–43
Spain and Europe 1556–98
- 15 subtopics
- 45 things to know
- AS Unit 2
- AS Unit 2, one option of six
What Spain and Europe 1556–98 covers
Spain and Europe 1556–98 is examined in Unit AS 2, Historical Conflict and Change — the option chosen from six. It covers Spain in 1556 and the legacy of Charles V, Philip II's kingship and working methods, conciliar government, faction and the Pérez affair, the revolts of the Moriscos and of Aragon, the Spanish economy in 1556 and the king's revenues, agriculture, industry and commerce 1556–98, bullion, debt, inflation and the royal bankruptcies, the Spanish Church, Tridentine reform and the papacy, the Inquisition, Conversos, Jews and Protestants, the Spanish Empire and the aims of Philip II's foreign policy, France, from Cateau-Cambrésis to Vervins, the Mediterranean war with the Turks and the annexation of Portugal, the Netherlands and the Dutch Revolt, England, the sea dogs and the Armada and Philip II's Spain in 1598.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 2
Historical Conflict and Change, one option of six.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 15 subtopics
Each one has its own page. CCEA AS History students sit this topic in the first year.
- Spain in 1556 and the legacy of Charles VThe division of the Habsburg inheritance, the debts Philip II took on, and the Comuneros' revolt and its consequences for the Cortes.Open →
- Philip II's kingship and working methodsEscorial and what purposes did it serve, how Philip II's marriages served his policy and black Legend.Open →
- Conciliar government, faction and the Pérez affairConciliar system, four councils that dealt with particular territories and four councils that dealt with particular functions.Open →
- The revolts of the Moriscos and of AragonThe Alpujarras rising and its suppression, the Pérez affair, the fueros and the Cortes of Tarazona.Open →
- The Spanish economy in 1556 and the king's revenuesTercias reales, quinto real and millones and why were they granted.Open →
- Agriculture, industry and commerce 1556–98How the Mesta's privileges damaged arable farming, three Spanish industrial centres and what each produced and casa de Contratación.Open →
- Bullion, debt, inflation and the royal bankruptciesAmerican silver and the treasure fleets, the asientos and juros, the four suspensions of payment and the millones.Open →
- The Spanish Church, Tridentine reform and the papacyPatronato real, pase regio and aims of Philip II's religious policy.Open →
- The Inquisition, Conversos, Jews and ProtestantsStructure of the Inquisition under Philip II, how the Inquisition proceeded against a suspect and limpieza de sangre.Open →
- The Spanish Empire and the aims of Philip II's foreign policySpanish Road and central aim of Philip II's foreign policy.Open →
- France, from Cateau-Cambrésis to VervinsThe settlement of 1559, Spanish intervention in the French wars of religion, the Catholic League and the peace of 1598.Open →
- The Mediterranean war with the Turks and the annexation of PortugalMalta and Cyprus, the Holy League and Lepanto, the truce of 1578 and the union of the crowns at Tomar.Open →
- The Netherlands and the Dutch RevoltCompromise of the Nobility, iconoclastic Fury and spanish Fury at Antwerp.Open →
- England, the sea dogs and the ArmadaTreaty of Nonsuch and why was it decisive, fatal flaw in the Armada plan and outcome of Philip II's later attempts against England.Open →
- Philip II's Spain in 1598What had been achieved and what had been lost by the end of the reign, and the state of the treasury, the empire and the succession.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Why was the Pérez affair so damaging to Philip II?
Key term
Give the case for saying dynastic interest mattered more than religion to Philip II.
Key term
Give the case that Philip II failed.
Key term
What territories did Philip II inherit when Charles V abdicated?
Key term
Give two drawbacks of Philip II's insistence on deciding everything himself.
Who and when
Who were the Moriscos?
Key term
State three economic problems facing Philip II in 1556.
Key term
Explain how the Mesta's privileges damaged arable farming.
Numbers
What technical change hugely increased American silver output?
Evaluation
Give two weaknesses of the Spanish Church in 1556.
Key term
Describe the structure of the Inquisition under Philip II.
Numbers
What further defeat did France suffer in 1558?
Numbers
What happened to the Spanish expedition to Djerba in 1560?
Key term
How were the Netherlands governed after Philip II left in 1559?
Key term
Why did Philip II treat Elizabeth I cautiously in the 1560s?
Numbers
When did Charles V hand his lands over?
Numbers
What did Philip II do in 1561 that shaped the government of Spain?
Numbers
What did the decree of 1567 order the Moriscos of Granada to do?
Key term
Distinguish ordinary from extraordinary royal income.
Key term
Why did the Crown protect the Mesta despite the harm to arable farming?
Key term
What happened to Castilian prices during the sixteenth century?
Key term
What was the pase regio?
Key term
Outline how the Inquisition proceeded against a suspect.
Key term
Describe the extent of Philip II's possessions in Europe in 1556.
Key term
What claim did Philip II advance to the French throne after 1589?
Numbers
What provoked the formation of the Holy League in 1571?
Who and when
What did Alba do on arriving in the Netherlands in 1567?
Numbers
What happened at San Juan de Ulúa in 1568?
Evaluation
How far had Philip II achieved his political aims by 1598?
Key term
State two liabilities Charles V left to his son in 1556.
Numbers
Why did the fate of Don Carlos damage Philip II's reputation?
Key term
Name four councils that dealt with particular territories.
Key term
Apart from the 1567 decree, give two causes of the Morisco revolt.
Key term
What was the alcabala?
Key term
What was the tasa del trigo and what did it do?
Key term
How did inflation weaken Spanish producers?
Key term
State the aims of Philip II's religious policy.
Numbers
What happened at Valladolid and Seville in 1559?
Key term
Why was Italy so important to Spanish power?
Numbers
What did French intervention cost Spain in the Netherlands?
Key term
Who commanded the Christian fleet at Lepanto?
Key term
Why did the Tenth Penny provoke such resistance?
Key term
How did the execution of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 change Philip II's calculations?
Evaluation
How far had Philip II achieved his economic aims by 1598?
Take Spain and Europe 1556–98 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Asiento vs Juro
Asiento: a short-term loan contracted with bankers to put cash where it was needed at once. Juro: a long-term bond paying annual interest out of a named revenue.
Alcabala vs Millones
Alcabala: the long-established sales tax on goods generally. Millones: the tax on food staples first voted in 1590 to replace a lost fleet.
Morisco vs Converso
Morisco: a baptised descendant of Spain's Muslim population. Converso: a Christian descended from Jewish converts.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What territories did Philip II inherit when Charles V abdicated?
Model answer
Philip II inherited Castile, Aragon, the Netherlands, Franche-Comté, Milan, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia and the Spanish possessions in the Americas.
- 2
Which part of the Habsburg inheritance did Philip II not receive?
Model answer
The Austrian lands and the imperial title passed to Charles V's brother Ferdinand, splitting the dynasty into a Spanish and an Austrian branch.
- 3
When did Charles V hand his lands over?
Model answer
Charles V surrendered the Netherlands in October 1555 and the Spanish kingdoms in January 1556, then retired to the monastery of Yuste.
- 4
Why did the division of the Habsburg inheritance matter to Philip II?
Model answer
The division deprived Philip II of the resources and prestige of the Empire while leaving him the expensive commitments of the Netherlands and Italy.
- 5
State two liabilities Charles V left to his son in 1556.
Model answer
Charles V left debts far beyond the Crown's annual income and an unfinished war with France, alongside the growth of heresy in the Netherlands.
- 6
Why were the inherited debts so dangerous in 1556?
Model answer
The inherited debts already committed much of the Crown's future revenue to interest, so Philip II began his reign with little free income for new wars.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Spain and Europe 1556–98 revision questions
- Is Spain and Europe 1556–98 examined at AS in CCEA History?
- Yes. It sits in AS Unit 2, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does Spain and Europe 1556–98 cover in CCEA AS-Level History?
- 15 subtopics: spain in 1556 and the legacy of charles v, philip ii's kingship and working methods, conciliar government, faction and the pérez affair, the revolts of the moriscos and of aragon, the spanish economy in 1556 and the king's revenues, agriculture, industry and commerce 1556–98, bullion, debt, inflation and the royal bankruptcies, the spanish church, tridentine reform and the papacy, the inquisition, conversos, jews and protestants, the spanish empire and the aims of philip ii's foreign policy, france, from cateau-cambrésis to vervins, the mediterranean war with the turks and the annexation of portugal, the netherlands and the dutch revolt, england, the sea dogs and the armada and philip ii's spain in 1598. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Spain and Europe 1556–98 organised?
- By the CCEA 4010 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Spain and Europe 1556–98, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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