Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Astrophysics
Hubble's law
- 4 things to know
- Paper 3, section B
Overview
The relationship between recession velocity and distance, the Big Bang, and the microwave background.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
What do d and H represent, and what does galactic red shift tell us about the universe?
Numbers
What does the Big Bang theory propose, what is the microwave background radiation, and how does it support the theory?
Numbers
What is the approximate observed ratio of hydrogen to helium by mass in the universe?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is red shift in the context of light from distant galaxies?
Model answer
Red shift is the increase in wavelength of light from distant galaxies due to their recession from Earth.
- 2
How does the recession velocity of a galaxy relate to its distance from Earth?
Model answer
The recession velocity of a galaxy is directly proportional to its distance from Earth.
- 3
State the equation for Hubble's law.
Model answer
v = Hd
- 4
In the equation v = Hd, what does v represent?
Model answer
v is the recession velocity of the galaxy.
- 5
In Hubble's law, what quantity does H represent?
Model answer
H is the Hubble constant.
- 6
What does d represent in the Hubble's law equation v = Hd?
Model answer
d is the distance from Earth to the galaxy.
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