Key term
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Particles and Radiation
Classification of particles
- 8 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
Hadrons and leptons, baryons and mesons, and the baryon, lepton and strangeness numbers.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
What is baryon number, and what value does a baryon take?
Numbers
Why do mesons have a baryon number of zero?
Process
What role does the pion play, and what do unstable baryons and kaons decay into?
Key term
Which two neutrinos are required, and how are neutrinos classified?
Numbers
What is the baryon number of a baryon?
Key term
Which letter denotes strangeness in particle physics?
Key term
What high-energy particles can be found in cosmic ray showers?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What defines a hadron?
Model answer
A hadron is a particle that is subject to the strong interaction.
- 2
What are the two classes into which hadrons are divided?
Model answer
Baryons and mesons.
- 3
Name one class of hadron that includes the proton and neutron.
Model answer
Baryons.
- 4
Give an example of a baryon.
Model answer
The proton.
- 5
Is the neutron classified as a baryon or a meson?
Model answer
A baryon.
- 6
What is the lepton number of a proton?
Model answer
0, because the proton is a baryon, not a lepton.
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