Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Mechanics and Materials
Motion along a straight line
- 8 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
Displacement, velocity and acceleration, the kinematic equations, motion graphs, and measuring g.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
What is average acceleration, and how is velocity at an instant found from a graph?
Numbers
Why can average velocity differ from the value at an instant, and what does the graph gradient give?
Numbers
On a velocity–time graph, what do the gradient and the area represent, and what does the area under an acceleration–time graph give?
Numbers
What is the first kinematic equation, and why does a bouncing ball rise less each time?
Numbers
What are the second, third and fourth kinematic equations?
Numbers
When do the SUVAT equations apply, and how can g be measured in free fall?
Numbers
In free fall, what is the gradient of a graph of s against t², and what shape and gradient does a graph of v² against s have?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define displacement.
Model answer
Displacement is the distance moved in a specified direction from a reference point, measured in metres.
- 2
What type of quantity is displacement — scalar or vector?
Model answer
Displacement is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.
- 3
Define speed and state what type of quantity it is.
Model answer
Speed is the rate of change of distance travelled; it is a scalar quantity measured in metres per second.
- 4
Define velocity.
Model answer
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement, a vector quantity measured in metres per second.
- 5
Define acceleration and give its SI unit.
Model answer
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, measured in metres per second squared (m s⁻²).
- 6
State the formula for average velocity and define each symbol.
Model answer
v = Δs / Δt, where v is average velocity, Δs is total displacement, and Δt is total time taken.
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