Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Particles and Radiation
Wave-particle duality
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
The de Broglie wavelength, electron diffraction, and how scientific ideas are tested and accepted.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Evaluation
What is required for a change in scientific understanding to be accepted?
Key term
How has scientific understanding of the nature of matter developed?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What experimental evidence demonstrates that particles can exhibit wave properties?
Model answer
Electron diffraction provides evidence that particles possess wave properties.
- 2
How does the photoelectric effect support the idea that electromagnetic radiation has a particulate nature?
Model answer
The photoelectric effect shows that light energy is transferred in discrete packets (photons) rather than continuously, demonstrating that electromagnetic waves have a particulate nature.
- 3
Define wave-particle duality.
Model answer
Wave-particle duality is the concept that matter and electromagnetic radiation exhibit both wave and particle properties.
- 4
What is the de Broglie wavelength?
Model answer
The de Broglie wavelength is the wavelength associated with a moving particle.
- 5
State the de Broglie wavelength equation and identify each quantity in it.
Model answer
λ = h/mv, where λ is the de Broglie wavelength, h is Planck's constant, m is the particle's mass, and v is its velocity.
- 6
In the de Broglie equation λ = h/mv, what physical quantity does the product mv represent?
Model answer
The product mv represents the momentum of the particle.
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