Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Mechanics and Materials
Conservation of energy
- 4 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
Kinetic and gravitational potential energy, and energy transfers in a closed system.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
What is the kinetic energy equation, and what happens as an object falls freely?
Key term
How is the energy content of food measured and estimated?
Key term
What is the vertical component of velocity at the maximum height of a projectile?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State the principle of conservation of energy.
Model answer
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another.
- 2
What remains constant for an isolated system according to energy conservation?
Model answer
The total energy of the system remains constant.
- 3
Write the equation for the change in gravitational potential energy.
Model answer
ΔEₚ = mgΔh
- 4
In the equation ΔEₚ = mgΔh, what does each symbol represent?
Model answer
ΔEₚ is the change in gravitational potential energy, m is mass, g is gravitational field strength, and Δh is the change in height.
- 5
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy when mass = 13.3 kg, gravitational field strength = 10 m s⁻², change in height = 5 m.
Model answer
Change in gravitational potential energy = 13.3 × 10 × 5 = 665 J.
- 6
State the equation for kinetic energy.
Model answer
Eₖ = ½mv²
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