Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Particles and Radiation
Particles, antiparticles and photons
- 6 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
Antiparticles, rest energy in MeV, the photon model, and annihilation and pair production.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
In what unit is rest energy given, and why is the antineutron uncharged?
Numbers
How is a photon's energy related to the wave it belongs to, and what do the symbols mean?
Numbers
How is photon energy expressed using wavelength, when is that form used instead of E = hf, and what is the Planck constant?
Key term
Why must pair production occur in the vicinity of a nucleus?
Key term
How many gamma photons are produced when a slow electron annihilates with a slow positron?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What fundamental principle relates every type of particle to another particle?
Model answer
For every type of particle, there exists a corresponding antiparticle.
- 2
How does the mass of an antiparticle compare to the mass of its corresponding particle?
Model answer
A particle and its antiparticle have identical mass.
- 3
What is the relationship between the rest energy of a particle and its antiparticle?
Model answer
A particle and its antiparticle have identical rest energy.
- 4
How does the charge of an antiparticle compare to that of its corresponding particle?
Model answer
A particle and its antiparticle have opposite charge.
- 5
Why does the antineutron have zero charge despite being an antiparticle?
Model answer
Because the neutron has zero charge, and an antiparticle has opposite charge to its particle, so the antineutron also has zero charge.
- 6
In what unit is rest energy commonly expressed in particle physics?
Model answer
MeV (mega-electronvolts).
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