Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Mechanics and Materials
Newton's laws of motion
- 5 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
The three laws, when F = ma applies, and drawing and resolving a free-body diagram.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
When does F = ma apply, and why can it not be used for a launching rocket?
Numbers
How does resultant force relate to the direction of acceleration, and what is a newton?
Numbers
What is the newton in base units, and how is a free-body diagram begun?
Numbers
Why resolve forces on a free-body diagram, and what does an arrow's direction show?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State Newton's first law of motion.
Model answer
An object remains at rest or continues to move at constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force.
- 2
A spacecraft is moving through deep space with no forces acting on it. What happens to its motion?
Model answer
It continues to move at constant velocity (same speed and direction) indefinitely.
- 3
State Newton's second law of motion in terms of momentum.
Model answer
The resultant force acting on an object is directly proportional to its rate of change of momentum.
- 4
Write the equation that relates resultant force, mass and acceleration for an object of constant mass.
Model answer
F = ma
- 5
State Newton's third law of motion.
Model answer
When two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other.
- 6
A book rests on a table. According to Newton's third law, what is the reaction force to the book pushing down on the table?
Model answer
The table pushes upward on the book with an equal magnitude force.
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