Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Waves
Progressive waves
- 6 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
Amplitude, frequency, wavelength, speed, phase and phase difference, and the wave equation.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What are wave speed, wavelength and phase?
Key term
What is phase difference, and in what units can it be given?
Numbers
What equation links wave speed, frequency and the distance between successive peaks?
Numbers
Explain the physical meaning of the relationship f = 1/T
Numbers
How is frequency found from the time for one cycle, and how are phase units converted?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does a progressive wave transfer energy without transferring matter?
Model answer
Energy is transferred from one place to another as particles of the medium oscillate about fixed equilibrium positions, passing energy to neighbouring particles without themselves moving along with the wave.
- 2
What happens to the particles of a medium when a progressive wave passes through it?
Model answer
The particles oscillate about their fixed equilibrium positions; they do not travel with the wave.
- 3
Define amplitude in the context of wave motion.
Model answer
Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position.
- 4
What is meant by the frequency of a wave?
Model answer
Frequency is the number of complete oscillations passing a point per unit time.
- 5
State the SI unit of frequency.
Model answer
Hertz (Hz).
- 6
Define wavelength.
Model answer
Wavelength is the minimum distance between two points oscillating in phase, such as successive crests or troughs.
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