Numbers
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Engineering Physics
Non-flow processes
- 6 things to know
- Paper 3, section B
Overview
Isothermal, adiabatic, constant pressure and constant volume changes, and the work done in each.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
What do p and R represent in the gas equation, and what holds for an adiabatic change?
Numbers
How is work at constant pressure calculated, and what stays fixed in an isothermal change?
Numbers
In an adiabatic change how does work relate to ΔU, what work is done at constant volume, and where does heat supplied at constant volume go?
Process
What happens to the temperature of a gas during an adiabatic expansion?
Key term
During an adiabatic compression, is work done on the gas or by the gas?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is an isothermal process?
Model answer
A process in which the temperature of the system remains constant throughout the change.
- 2
What is an adiabatic process?
Model answer
A process in which no heat is transferred between the system and its surroundings.
- 3
What is the value of Q for an adiabatic process?
Model answer
Q = 0, as no heat is transferred.
- 4
What is an isobaric process?
Model answer
A constant pressure process in which the pressure of the system remains unchanged throughout the change.
- 5
What is an isochoric process?
Model answer
A constant volume process in which the volume of the system remains unchanged throughout the change.
- 6
What is the value of ΔV for a constant volume process?
Model answer
ΔV = 0.
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