Key term
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Thermal energy transfer
- 6 things to know
- Papers 2 and 3
Overview
Specific heat capacity, specific latent heat, changes of state, and measuring both.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
What unit is specific latent heat in, and how is the electrical method set up?
Numbers
How is specific heat capacity calculated electrically, and what is done in the method of mixtures?
Process
Why does temperature stay constant during a change of state?
Process
In the method of mixtures, what temperature measurement is taken after mixing?
Key term
What equipment can be used to investigate how temperature changes with time during a phase change?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What contribution do the randomly distributed kinetic energies of particles make to internal energy?
Model answer
The randomly distributed kinetic energies of particles form one component of the internal energy of a body.
- 2
What contribution do the potential energies of particles make to internal energy?
Model answer
The potential energies of particles (due to intermolecular forces) form the other component of the internal energy of a body.
- 3
How does transferring energy to a system by heating affect its internal energy?
Model answer
The internal energy of the system increases.
- 4
What happens to the internal energy of a system when work is done on it?
Model answer
The internal energy of the system increases.
- 5
How does transferring energy away from a system by heating affect its internal energy?
Model answer
The internal energy of the system decreases.
- 6
What happens to the internal energy of a system when it does work on its surroundings?
Model answer
The internal energy of the system decreases.
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