Process
AQA A-Level Physics 7408
Measurements and Their Errors
Particles and Radiation
Topic overviewConstituents of the atomStable and unstable nucleiParticles, antiparticles and photonsParticle interactionsClassification of particlesQuarks and antiquarksApplications of conservation lawsThe photoelectric effectCollisions of electrons with atomsEnergy levels and photon emissionWave-particle duality
Waves
Mechanics and Materials
Electricity
Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Fields and Their Consequences
Topic overviewFieldsNewton's lawGravitational field strengthGravitational potentialOrbits of planets and satellitesCoulomb's lawElectric field strengthElectric potentialCapacitanceParallel plate capacitorEnergy stored by a capacitorCapacitor charge and dischargeMagnetic flux densityMoving charges in a magnetic fieldMagnetic flux and flux linkageElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currentsTransformers
Nuclear Physics
AstrophysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewAstronomical telescope consisting of two converging lensesReflecting telescopesSingle dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopesAdvantages of large diameter telescopesClassification by luminosityAbsolute magnitude, MClassification by temperature, black-body radiationPrinciples of the use of stellar spectral classesThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagramSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesDoppler effectHubble's lawQuasarsDetection of exoplanets
Medical PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewPhysics of visionDefects of vision and their correction using lensesEar as a sound detection systemSensitivity and frequency responseDefects of hearingSimple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveformUltrasound imagingFibre optics and endoscopyMagnetic resonance (MR) scannerThe physics of diagnostic X-raysImage detection and enhancementAbsorption of X-raysCT scannerImaging techniquesHalf-lifeGamma cameraUse of high-energy X-raysUse of radioactive implantsImaging comparisons
Engineering PhysicsOptional topic
Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic
Topic overviewCathode raysThermionic emission of electronsSpecific charge of the electronPrinciple of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, eNewton's corpuscular theory of lightSignificance of Young's double slits experimentElectromagnetic wavesThe discovery of photoelectricityWave–particle dualityElectron microscopesThe Michelson-Morley experimentEinstein's theory of special relativityTime dilationLength contractionRelativistic mass and energy
ElectronicsOptional topic
Topic overviewMOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diodePhotodiodeHall effect sensorDifference between analogue and digital signalsLC resonance filtersThe ideal operational amplifierInverting amplifier configurationNon-inverting amplifier configurationSumming amplifier configurationReal operational amplifiersCombinational logicSequential logicAstablesPrinciples of communication systemsTransmission mediaTime-division multiplexingAmplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques
Particles and Radiation
Quarks and antiquarks
- 7 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
The up, down and strange quarks and their properties, and the quark composition of baryons and mesons.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is the quark composition of a baryon and of an antibaryon?
Key term
What are the quark compositions of the antiproton, the neutron and the antineutron?
Numbers
What is the charge of the π⁻ meson, and what is its quark composition?
Numbers
What is the quark structure of the K⁺ meson, and what strangeness does it carry?
Key term
Which meson is made from a strange quark and an anti-up quark?
Numbers
What is the total baryon number of all the quarks in a baryon?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the electric charge of an up quark?
Model answer
+⅔ e
- 2
What is the electric charge of a down quark?
Model answer
-⅓ e
- 3
What is the electric charge of a strange quark?
Model answer
-⅓ e
- 4
How does the charge of an antiquark compare to its corresponding quark?
Model answer
An antiquark has the opposite charge to its corresponding quark.
- 5
What is the baryon number of a single quark?
Model answer
+⅓
- 6
What is the baryon number of a single antiquark?
Model answer
-⅓
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