How is momentum defined in terms of mass and velocity?

Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity (p = mv).

What type of quantity is momentum, and what does this imply about its description?

Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

What is the SI unit of momentum?

Kilogram metres per second (kg m s⁻¹).

State the principle of conservation of linear momentum.

The total momentum of a closed system remains constant provided no external resultant force acts on it.

In a closed system, how does the total momentum before an interaction compare to the total momentum after?

The total momentum before the interaction equals the total momentum after the interaction.

How is force defined in terms of momentum?

Force is how quickly momentum changes: F = Δ(mv)/Δt.

AQA A-Level Physics 7408

Measurements and Their Errors

Topic overview Use of SI units and their prefixes Limitation of physical measurements Estimation of physical quantities

Particles and Radiation

Topic overview Constituents of the atom Stable and unstable nuclei Particles, antiparticles and photons Particle interactions Classification of particles Quarks and antiquarks Applications of conservation laws The photoelectric effect Collisions of electrons with atoms Energy levels and photon emission Wave-particle duality

Waves

Topic overview Progressive waves Longitudinal and transverse waves Principle of superposition of waves and formation of stationary waves Interference Diffraction Refraction at a plane surface

Mechanics and Materials

Topic overview Scalars and vectors Moments Motion along a straight line Projectile motion Newton's laws of motion Momentum Work, energy and power Conservation of energy Bulk properties of solids The Young modulus

Electricity

Topic overview Basics of electricity Current–voltage characteristics Resistivity Circuits Potential divider Electromotive force and internal resistance

Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics

Topic overview Circular motion Simple harmonic motion (SHM)Simple harmonic systems Forced vibrations and resonance Thermal energy transfer Ideal gases Molecular kinetic theory model

Fields and Their Consequences

Topic overview Fields Newton's law Gravitational field strength Gravitational potential Orbits of planets and satellites Coulomb's law Electric field strength Electric potential Capacitance Parallel plate capacitor Energy stored by a capacitor Capacitor charge and discharge Magnetic flux density Moving charges in a magnetic field Magnetic flux and flux linkage Electromagnetic induction Alternating currents Transformers

Nuclear Physics

Topic overview Rutherford scattering α, β and γ radiation Radioactive decay Nuclear instability Nuclear radius Mass and energy Induced fission Safety aspects

AstrophysicsOptional topic

Topic overview Astronomical telescope consisting of two converging lenses Reflecting telescopes Single dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopes Advantages of large diameter telescopes Classification by luminosity Absolute magnitude, M Classification by temperature, black-body radiation Principles of the use of stellar spectral classes The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram Supernovae, neutron stars and black holes Doppler effect Hubble's law Quasars Detection of exoplanets

Medical PhysicsOptional topic

Engineering PhysicsOptional topic

Topic overview Concept of moment of inertia Rotational kinetic energy Rotational motion Torque and angular acceleration Angular momentum Work and power First law of thermodynamics Non-flow processes The p–V diagram Engine cycles Second Law and engines Reversed heat engines

Turning Points in PhysicsOptional topic

Topic overview Cathode rays Thermionic emission of electrons Specific charge of the electron Principle of Millikan's determination of the electronic charge, e Newton's corpuscular theory of light Significance of Young's double slits experiment Electromagnetic waves The discovery of photoelectricity Wave–particle duality Electron microscopes The Michelson-Morley experiment Einstein's theory of special relativity Time dilation Length contraction Relativistic mass and energy

ElectronicsOptional topic

Topic overview MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)Zener diode Photodiode Hall effect sensor Difference between analogue and digital signals LC resonance filters The ideal operational amplifier Inverting amplifier configuration Non-inverting amplifier configuration Summing amplifier configuration Real operational amplifiers Combinational logic Sequential logic Astables Principles of communication systems Transmission media Time-division multiplexing Amplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques

Mechanics and Materials

Momentum

5 things to know
Papers 1 and 3

Overview

Conservation of linear momentum, impulse, and how force relates to rate of change of momentum.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What kind of quantity is momentum, and what does conservation of linear momentum state?

Numbers

What is impulse, and how is it found for a constant and for a varying force?

Numbers

How does force relate to rate of change of momentum, and what does that mean for safety design?

Key term

In an explosion where the system was initially at rest, what is the total momentum of the fragments after the explosion?

Process

When a stationary object explodes into two fragments, how do the momenta of the fragments compare?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
How is momentum defined in terms of mass and velocity?
Model answer
Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity (p = mv).
2
What type of quantity is momentum, and what does this imply about its description?
Model answer
Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
3
What is the SI unit of momentum?
Model answer
Kilogram metres per second (kg m s⁻¹).
4
State the principle of conservation of linear momentum.
Model answer
The total momentum of a closed system remains constant provided no external resultant force acts on it.
5
In a closed system, how does the total momentum before an interaction compare to the total momentum after?
Model answer
The total momentum before the interaction equals the total momentum after the interaction.
6
How is force defined in terms of momentum?
Model answer
Force is how quickly momentum changes: F = Δ(mv)/Δt.

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Measurements and Their Errors

Particles and Radiation

Waves

Mechanics and Materials

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