Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
Ecosystems of the Planet
Abiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interact
- 3 things to know
- Component 02
Overview
What an ecosystem is, its abiotic and biotic parts, interdependence, climate as a control on plants, how plants build soil, people and decomposers, and how one change spreads through a food web.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is an ecosystem?
Key term
Which parts of an ecosystem are described as abiotic?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is an ecosystem?
Model answer
A community of living things together with the non-living surroundings they live in, all of which interact with one another.
- 2
Which parts of an ecosystem are described as abiotic?
Model answer
The non-living ones, such as the weather, the climate, the water and the soil.
- 3
Which parts of an ecosystem are described as biotic?
Model answer
The living ones — the plants growing there, the animals feeding there and the people who use it.
- 4
What does it mean to say that the parts of an ecosystem are interdependent?
Model answer
Every part relies on the others, so a change in one of them forces changes in all the rest.
- 5
How does climate act as a control on the plant life of an ecosystem?
Model answer
Temperature, sunlight and rainfall decide which plants can survive there, and those plants then decide which animals can be fed.
- 6
How do growing plants change the soil beneath them?
Model answer
Their dead leaves rot down into humus, which adds nutrients and helps the soil hold water.
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