Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
People of the Planet
Why urban growth rates differ around the world
- 3 things to know
- Component 02
Overview
Urbanisation against urban growth, slow urban growth in advanced countries, residents leaving large cities for smaller towns, inner-city decline and people moving back in, the fastest growth in low-income developing countries, emerging countries compared with the poorest, natural increase, and why fast growth makes a city hard to govern.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is the difference between urbanisation and urban growth?
Key term
Why is urban growth slow in advanced countries today?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does urbanisation measure?
Model answer
The share of a country’s population living in towns and cities, and whether that share is rising.
- 2
What is the difference between urbanisation and urban growth?
Model answer
Urbanisation is the rising proportion of people living in urban areas, while urban growth is the rise in the number of people living there.
- 3
Why is urban growth slow in advanced countries today?
Model answer
Most of their people already live in towns and cities, so few rural migrants remain and birth rates are low.
- 4
Why do some large cities in advanced countries lose residents to smaller towns?
Model answer
Better transport and communications let people live further out, where housing is cheaper and the surroundings quieter.
- 5
Why do some inner areas of cities in advanced countries go into decline?
Model answer
Older industries close, so jobs and people leave and buildings and services fall into disrepair.
- 6
Why have people moved back into some inner-city areas of advanced countries?
Model answer
Old industrial land has been redeveloped with new housing, offices and leisure, drawing younger residents back in.
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