Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
People of the UK
How the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900
- 3 things to know
- Component 01
Overview
How the UK's population pyramid has changed since 1900, why its death and birth rates fell, the Demographic Transition Model and where the UK sat in 1900 and sits today, an ageing population and its causes, the dependency ratio, pressure on public spending, and government responses.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Why did the UK's death rate fall sharply after 1900?
Key term
Why did the UK's birth rate fall during the twentieth century?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How has the shape of the UK's population pyramid changed since 1900?
Model answer
It has changed from a wide-based triangle with many children and few elderly people into a much straighter shape with a broad top.
- 2
Why did the UK's death rate fall sharply after 1900?
Model answer
Clean piped water and sewers, better diet and housing, and medical advances such as vaccination and antibiotics.
- 3
Why did the UK's birth rate fall during the twentieth century?
Model answer
Reliable contraception became available, children cost more to raise, and more women stayed in education and paid work.
- 4
What is the Demographic Transition Model?
Model answer
A model showing how birth rates, death rates and total population change as a country develops, through five recognised stages.
- 5
Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model was the UK in around 1900?
Model answer
Stage three, because its death rate had already fallen while its birth rate was only beginning to drop.
- 6
Where does the UK sit on the Demographic Transition Model today?
Model answer
In stage four and moving into stage five, with low birth and death rates and almost no natural increase.
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